Work domain analysis for air traffic controller weather displays

INTRODUCTION: Adverse weather conditions have a major impact on National Airspace System (NAS) operations. They create safety hazards for pilots, constrain the usable airspace for air traffic control (ATC), and reduce the overall capacity of the NAS. A system-wide dissemination of weather information to controllers could theoretically improve safety and efficiency. PROBLEM: However, it is currently unclear what weather information would be beneficial for tactical operations. Furthermore, no previous research has empirically evaluated optimal presentation designs for ATC weather displays. Ill-designed weather displays can cause safety hazards by presenting redundant information (i.e., by increasing the cognitive load) and display clutter (e.g., by interfering with the visual extraction of traffic data). METHOD: In the present paper, we outline our use of cognitive work analysis (CWA) techniques for the assessment of weather information needs for terminal controllers. RESULTS: Specifically, we describe how the CWA modeling tools helped us reveal instances in the terminal domain where weather information is lacking or insufficiently disseminated. We used our CWA results to drive the development of weather display concepts and to set up a high-fidelity simulation capability. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: By means of high-fidelity simulations, we can empirically evaluate controller weather information needs in order to propose weather displays for increased aircraft safety and efficiency of terminal operations.     

Adding rigor to ecological network models by evaluating a set of pre-balance diagnostics: A plea for PREBAL

The widespread use of ecological network models (e.g., Ecopath, Econetwrk, and related energy budget models) has been laudable for several reasons, chief of which is providing an easy-to-use set of modeling tools that can present an ecosystem context for improved understanding and management of living marine resources (LMR). Yet the ease-of-use of these models has led to two challenges. First, the veritable explosion of the use and application of these network models has resulted in recognition that the content and use of such models has spanned a range of quality. Second, as these models and their application have become more widespread, they are increasingly being used in a LMR management context. Thus review panels and other evaluators of these models would benefit from a set of rigorous and standard criteria from which the basis for all network models and related applications for any given system (i.e., the initial, static energy budget) can be evaluated. To this end, as one suggestion for improving network models in general, here I propose a series of pre-balance (PREBAL) diagnostics. These PREBAL diagnostics can be done, now, in simple spreadsheets before any balancing or tuning is executed. Examples of these PREBAL diagnostics include biomasses, biomass ratios, vital rates, vital rate ratios, total production, and total removals (and slopes thereof) across the taxa and trophic levels in any given energy budget. I assert that there are some general ecological and fishery principles that can be used in conjunction with PREBAL diagnostics to identify issues of model structure and data quality before balancing and dynamic applications are executed. I humbly present this PREBAL information as a simple yet general approach that could be easily implemented, could be considered for further incorporation into these model packages, and as such would ultimately result in a straightforward way to evaluate (and perhaps identify areas for improving) initial conditions in food web modeling efforts.     

四级环境监测站信息管理系统

四级站每年均有各类环境要素的监测数据上报，同时积累了丰富的监测信息资源，为充分利用此资源，开发研制了该信息管理系统。此系统具有操作简便、信息全面、运行速率快等特点，适用于四级监测站网络系统。     

室内空气污染及控制

室内空气污染是伴随着生活水平提高而出现的一ｂ个崭新问题，与人类健康、生存有着密切的关系．本文着重介绍了甲醛、氯仿、三氯乙烯和燃烧产物等几种常见的室内污染物的来源、危害及预防措施．     

气田采出水处理系统优化运行效果评价

长北天然气处理厂气田采出水处理系统自投运以来，在生产运行过程中存在采出水悬浮物含量高、油份处理效果差的状况，回注水中含油、悬浮物较高，回注泵故障频发，回注压力高。分析水质变差原因，同时对现有采出水处理系统进行分析，优化缓蚀剂加注方案，制定加药程序，引入新设备、新工艺提升采出水处理效果，使回注水含油量、悬浮物含量达到回注标准。     

浅述市场经济下的安全生产

在建立社会主义市场经济过程中 ,难免出现经济秩序混乱、恶性竞争、忽视安全生产、规章制度不健全、事故多发等现象。如何有效遏制事故多发 ,促使安全生产长治久安 ,切实保障人民群众生命财产安全是社会各界关注的话题。通过对西昌市凉山州安全生产现状的分析 ,笔者认为 ,理顺体制、健全法治、依法严治、提高人民安全意识是市场经济条件下安全生产切实可行的长效监管机制     

论城市环境基础设施市场化运营中的政府规制

本文分别从市场准入、价格、服务质量以及风险等方面，对城市环境基础设施市场化运营中的政府规制进行了具体分析。     

阻燃纺织品的生产现状及发展趋势

回顾了阻燃纺织品的发展历程,并预测了未来发展的趋势。扼要介绍了阻燃纤维和阻燃织物的研究现状和研究热点;论述了阻燃技术的进展;提出了开发新阻燃纺织品的思路     

蒲河流域水生态特点与规律的研究

针对蒲河水生态修复的要点问题,从流域自然特征、水生态变化机理、水生态考核指标以及水生态污染特征等方面进行了分析研究,从而明确了蒲河水生态建设的目标和途径,为其从污染控制型过渡至生态建设型的相关建设与管理提供了重要的参考依据。     

建筑火灾评估及双重性分析

本文利用火灾危险性评估的原理，对火灾科学国家重点实验室的五层模型楼进行了初步的火险评估。确定性模型采用区域模拟的计算方法，并综合考虑了随机性因素。结果合理，对于建筑火灾的火险评估具有很好的参考价值。