基于石墨烯-氧化镍杂化物与二氧化钛纳米管协效阻燃环氧树脂的制备及研究

通过共沉淀法制备了石墨烯-氧化镍杂化材料,通过水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米管,然后利用溶液共混法制备了石墨烯-氧化镍/二氧化钛纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纳米材料的结构和形貌进行表征;热重分析数据表明复合材料的热稳定性有所提高;锥形量热测试结果显示,将石墨烯-氧化镍杂化物与二氧化钛纳米管进行复配,加入环氧树脂中,可以有效降低材料的热释放速率峰值和总热释放。     

Organic pollutants removal from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） red water using low cost activated coke

2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water from Chinese explosive industry was adsorbed by activated coke (AC) from lignite. Since the composition of TNT red water was very complicated, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was used as the index for evaluating the treatment efficiency. This study focused on the sorption kinetics and equilibrium sorption isotherms of AC for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from TNT red water, and the changes of water quality before and after adsorption were evaluated by using high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), UV-vis spectra and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The results showed that the sorption kinetics of adsorbing COD from TNT red water onto AC was fitted well with the pseudo-second order model. The adsorption process was an exothermic and physical process. The sorption isotherm was in good agreement with Redlich–Peterson isotherm. At the conditions of initial pH, 20℃ and 3 hr of agitation, when the AC dosage was 160 g L-1, 64.8% of COD could be removed. The removal efficiencies of 2,4-dinitrotoluene-3-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-3-SO3-) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene-5-sulfonate (2,4-DNT-5-SO3-) were 80.5% and 84.3%, respectively. After adsorption, the acute toxicity of TNT red water reduced 81.8%, compared with that of unprocessed TNT red water.     

某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部装药安定性试验研究

为分析某型报废火箭炮弹战斗部梯黑铝混合装药的安定性,将样品加速老化处理,利用差示扫描量热仪测定了试样老化处理前后的热分解过程.分别得到老化前后在5,10,20 ℃/min升温速率下的DSC曲线和相关特征数据.采用非模函数Ozawa法,结合线性回归分析,计算了炸药热分解的动力学参数,求得试样老化处理前后在不同升温速率下平...     

活性焦和活性炭负载纳米铁处理TNT红水中的二硝基甲苯磺酸钠

以活性焦和活性炭为载体,采用液相还原法制备了负载纳米铁,比较了两种负载纳米铁对TNT红水中难降解物质二硝基甲苯磺酸钠(包括2,4-DNT-3-SO3Na和2,4-DNT-5-SO3Na)的去除能力。实验结果表明,作为负载材料活性焦的相对有效比表面积与孔体积要优于活性炭,而且有利于更好地发挥出负载纳米铁的优势。单位面积活性焦负载纳米铁去除2,4-DNT-5-SO3Na的能力明显高于活性炭负载纳米铁,单位面积活性焦负载纳米铁去除2,4-DNT-3-SO3Na的能力在较小投加量条件下高于活性炭负载纳米铁,但均随投加量的增加而下降;而对于活性炭负载纳米铁,其单位面积去除能力基本不受投加量的影响,而且对二硝基甲苯磺酸钠的去除率高于活性焦负载纳米铁。耦合混凝沉淀的总去除效果表明,单位面活性焦负载纳米铁对2,4-DNT-5-SO3Na的去除能力高于活性炭负载纳米铁,而对2,4-DNT-3-SO3Na的去除能力则低于活性炭负载纳米铁。     

电-Fenton法降解TNT弹药销毁废水

2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)弹药销毁废水的色度高、毒性大、不易生化降解。采用电Fenton法降解TNT弹药销毁废水。研究了电压(U)、极板间距(D)、初始p H、H2O2投加量(M)、n(Fe2+)/n(H2O2)摩尔比及反应时间(T)对废水COD去除率的影响;优化了反应条件:在U=8 V,D=1 cm,初始p H=3,M(H2O2)=0.0916 mol/L,n(Fe2+)/n(H2O2)=1∶30,T=4 h的条件下,废水的COD去除率大于86%,出水的其余指标如色度、氨氮、p H、TNT含量等各指标经国标法测量均达标。通过对反应动力学方程的分析,得出该实验基本符合二级反应动力学。该法操作简单实用,是处理该废水行之有效的方法。     

Accumulation of 14C-trinitrotoluene and related nonextractable (bound) residues in Eisenia fetida

To determine if trinitrotoluene (TNT) forms nonextractable residues in earthworms and to measure the relative degree of accumulation as compared to TNT and its deaminated metabolites, Eisenia fetida was exposed to ¹⁴C-TNT using dermal contact to filter paper or exposure to soil. Nonextractable residues made up 32-68% of total body burden depending on exposure media and depuration time. Parent TNT accounted for less than 3% of radioactivity, while ADNTs accounted for 7-38%. Elimination half-lives were 61-120 h for TNT, ADNTs, and DANTs, which was significantly lower than the half-lives found for nonextractable residues, 201-240 h. However, over 80% of the nonextractable residue was solubilized using weak acid (pH 2). Based on our findings that TNT accumulation occurs primarily as nonextractable residues, which have a longer half-life, and that nonextractable residues can be solubilized, we propose that nonextractable residues could be used as a selective biomarker for assessing TNT contamination.