再生铝生产过程中二噁英成因及全过程污染控制技术

介绍了再生铝生产工艺、二噁英生成机理,原物料铝渣中含有未完全破坏的PCDD/Fs和"熔炉"中形成的以及"从头合成(DeNovo)"二噁英形成的3种途径。有针对性地采用源头减污、过程控制及末端治理等全过程污染控制技术进行二噁英减排,从再生铝生产及治污工艺设备入手,提出再生铝二噁英污染控制最佳可行技术,为业内人士及环境管理部门二噁英控制与管理提供技术依据。     

战略环境评价中的战略缺陷分析

战略环境评价的目的是消除或降低因战略缺陷造成的环境影响,从战略决策源头控制环境问题的产生。战略缺陷将通过市场结构,企业行为改变而产生环境影响,是导致环境问题的根源。战略缺陷分析是战略环境评价的重点内容,是制定战略环境影响控制,减缓措施或战略替代方案的主要依据。分析了战略缺陷的两种类型：社会经济发展战略未充分考虑其环境影响以及环境与资源战略不符合社会经济实际。重点研究了导致战略缺陷产生的原因,即内部性,决策失误,低效率,权力分配不均及政府寻租行为。提出从战略内略内容失识,战略执行失真和战略组织失效3个维度进行战略缺陷分析的方法,最后结合长春经济技术开发区战略进行实例研究,发现该战略缺陷表现在环境与社会经济发展战略不对称,投资导向政策考虑当地资源及国家有关政策不充分,产业布局规划与开发建设行动不一致以及土地利用优惠政策导致的效率偏低4个方面,其造成了一定的社会的经济及环境影响。     

Road safety in China: Analysis of current challenges

Introduction

China has the world's largest population, and is the second largest automobile market. China's economy is booming, resulting in a rapid increase in both the road infrastructure and access to private vehicles. Along with economic growth, the ownership of motorized vehicles has almost quadrupled in the past 10 years, from 42.2 million in 1997 to 159.7 million in 2007. However, at the same time, China also has a very high number of road fatalities compared to other countries, with about 100,000 reported fatalities each year.

Method

This study analyzes the Chinese road-fatality situation to identify areas in which the total harm caused by crashes can be substantially and readily reduced. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current road-fatality situation in China using conventional indices and the likely future trends.

Results

Four areas were identified in which countermeasures have the most potential to substantially reduce fatalities in China: pedestrians and other non-motorists, nighttime driving, vehicle passengers, and motorcycles.

Conclusion

While China faces unprecedented road safety issues, this report identifies major areas in which there are opportunities to greatly reduce total harm.     

Directions of Change in Land Cover and Landscape Patterns from 1957 to 2000 in Agricultural Landscapes in NW Spain

The aim of this work is the analysis of the dynamics in cultural landscapes, focused on the spatial distribution of changes in land cover and landscape patterns, and their possible linkages. These dynamics have been analyzed for the years 1957 and 2000 in a sector of the north of Galicia (NW Spain) characterized with diverse landscapes. Afforestation processes linked to agriculture abandonment and forestry specialization were the main processes observed in the study area, with the exception of the southern mountainous sector that was dominated by ploughing of scrubland for conversion into grassland, reflecting a specialization in livestock production. The structural changes that have taken place in most of the study area were related to the heterogeneity aspects, although the mountainous sectors were characterized by changes in heterogeneity and fragmentation. According to the tests performed, the comparison of the spatial distribution of both dynamics showed a certain statistical significance, reflecting the interrelationship between patterns and processes. This approach could be useful for the identification of areas with similar characteristics in terms of spatial dynamics so as to define more effective and targeted landscape planning and management strategies.