地矿部门坑道作业尘毒危害情况

对坑道中的尘毒进行了测试,并根据测试结果提出了一些建议。     

SRHSC梁主要设计参数损伤敏感度分析

以型钢高强混凝土(SRHSC)梁为研究对象,结合SRHSC梁受力机理及承载能力的试验研究成果,提出了极限状态下的承载能力是评价梁力学性能的关键指标,将损伤前后梁正截面抗弯承载力之比和斜截面抗剪承载力之比的均值作为自变量,给出了SRHSC梁损伤表征函数,并借助"预定损伤法",揭示了主要设计参数对SRHSC梁损伤演化的影响规律。研究成果将为建立地震激励下SRHSC框架结构楼层损伤模型提供理论和数据支持。     

Classification of dispersibility for combustible dust based on Hausner ratio

Mixing of combustible dust and oxidant is one of five essential prerequisites in the dust explosion pentagon, requiring that particles originally in mutual contact within the deposits be separated and suspended in the air. However, dust dispersion never proceeds with 100% efficiency, with inevitable particle agglomeration, and an inherent trend toward settling out of suspension. Dispersibility is defined to describe the ease of dispersion of a dust and the tendency of the particulate matter to remain airborne once a dust cloud has been formed. Pioneers made contributions to classify dust dispersibility by introducing dustiness group (DG), dustability index (DI), NIOSH dispersion chamber and in-situ particle size analysis. Issues remained including the difficulty in comparing results from different methods, as well as the availability of some high-tech testing apparatus.This study aims to provide a quick and universal testing method to estimate the dispersion property of combustible dust. A new dispersibility classification was developed based on dimensionless numbers Hausner ratio and Archimedes number. Four dispersibility classes (DCs) were proposed from one to four, with a larger number meaning better dispersibility. Results for more than a dozen dust samples and mixtures thereof showed the new method is useful in dust explosion research. The consistency in classifying dust dispersion properties between the DC method and previous methods was good. Changes in DC well explained our earlier findings on suppressant enhanced explosion parameter (SEEP) phenomenon attributed to the improvement in dust dispersibility. Hausner ratio and Archimedes number, as easily measured parameters, can be quite advantageous to assess dust dispersibility, permitting a proper risk assessment for the formation of explosible dust clouds.     

Parameterization of Albedo over Heterogeneous Surfaces in Coupled Land-Atmosphere Schemes for Environmental Modeling. Part I: Theoretical Background

In grid-based environmental models, the underlying surface consists of patches of solid and liquid parts and different plant communities, creating a very heterogeneous picture in the grid cell. In these cases, numerical modelers usually use a simple arithmetic average to determine the grid-cell albedo, a key variable in the parameterization of the land-surface radiative transfer over the grid cell. The object of this paper is to consider the assumptions for aggregating the albedo over a very heterogeneous surface where various surfaces occur at different heights, and, then propose a method for deriving a general expression for it. The suggested expression for the albedo is compared with the conventional approach, for the two-patches grid-cell with a simple geometrical distribution and different heights of its components. A numerical test is performed to compare the two approaches by numerical simulation of the evolution of the surface temperature over the particular grid-cell. Specifically, a one-dimensional land-surface model was applied to an isolated rocky grid-cell with a hole in the center; the model was forced with meteorological observations taken on July 17, 1999 in Philadelphia, PA.     

An Experimental Study on the Treating River Sewage with New Bioreactor

A new bioreactor on the basis of a dynamic fluidized bed was designed, which combines advantages of the fluidized bed and a biological contactor. The experiments of start up, normal operation and parameter adjustment are carried out. The results show that the bioreactor can be quickly started up in the condition that the fill is 50%, the hydraulic retention time is 72 min, aerate speed is 2.5 m3/h, rotation-cage rotated speed is 1.5 r/min, and the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand （CODcr） and Ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） are 75.34% and 80.98% respectively. The influence of the operation parameter on removal rates of the bioreactor is analyzed, and an appropriate operation parameter is provided.     

上海市大气总汞季节变化特征及与气象条件的关系

2008年到2010年对上海市西南部大气中总汞(TGM———Total Gaseous Mercury)的污染水平进行监测,结果表明TGM日均浓度为ND~57.23ng/m(3(7.79±3.29)ng/m)3。TGM呈现出一定的季节性变化特征,浓度最高的是秋季,然后依次是冬季、春季、夏季,平均浓度分别为(9.30±2.48)、(8.32±2.79)、(7.78±2.33)、(2.16±3.29)ng/m3。TGM浓度受东南风向影响最大,其次为西北和东北风向。在置信水平为95%的情况下,TGM浓度与日平均温度呈正相关性,而与日温差、相对湿度、日相对湿度差、风速无显著相关性。但TGM浓度分别与日均O3浓度和NO2浓度均呈显著正相关。利用HYSPLIT_4模型对TGM浓度高值与低值几天的空气气团来源轨迹进行反演,结果发现高低浓度日的气团来源略有差别,总体上看,冬季、春季和秋季受北方气团影响较大,夏季则受我国东部海域影响,具体的局部和长距离输送的贡献需要进一步研究。     

高速铁路车轮减振降噪优化方法

高速铁路车轮的振动辐射噪声在轮轨滚动辐射噪声中占有很大的比重,而且在1500Hz以上的频段内占主导,对列车车轮进行优化设计,通过改变车轮的形状,可以达到较好的减振降噪效果。本文对高速铁路车轮优化方法进行详细的分析评论,并提出相应的问题和改进的方向。     

基于偏离程度的某机械陀螺环境敏感参数分析

目的明确某机械陀螺在贮存环境下的环境敏感参数。方法以机械陀螺在热加速老化试验中的各项性能参数检测结果为基础,依次对各参数检测数据进行能表征参数退化程度的无量纲转化,分析参数相对于原始值的偏离程度以及环境敏感程度,偏离度最大的参数即为陀螺的主要环境敏感参数。结果解锁误差、接触起始角、垂直漂移、水平漂移参数的偏离程度分别为1041.7、1248.3、1472.7、417.7。垂直漂移参数是该机械陀螺在贮存环境下的主要环境敏感参数。结论提出的分析方法可有效用于多参数产品的环境敏感参数分析。     

台风“安比”对河北东南部地区一次O3污染影响的特征分析

利用欧洲中心ERA-Interim数据以及河北省环境监测站、气象站观测资料,对2018年7月22—24日台风"安比"影响河北前后的一次O_3污染过程的生成、维持、清除进行动力分析,结果如下:台风外围的副热带高压天气型结构有利于河北南部地区污染物的积聚,其演变对预报大气光化学污染具有重要的意义;台风降水对O_3污染有非常好的清除作用,降水量越大,清除效果越好;高压带内部的高温有利于光化学反应,有利于O_3污染的形成;近地层的弱风辐合场与下沉气流的双重作用对O_3污染形成有很好的贡献;旋转形变效应(ds)负值区与河北中南部O_3污染区域对应;动力条件促使湍流运动加强,对O_3污染的清除有很好的作用.通过相关系数检验发现石家庄、邢台5 cm土壤温度和臭氧小时浓度相关性较高(相关系数0.75～0.85),由于土壤温度增加速度低于地表温度增加速度,臭氧浓度增加速度也低于地表温度增加速度,因此5 cm土壤温度比地表温度更及时反映了臭氧光化学反应强度.     

番茄光合荧光特性及其镉吸收对土壤镉污染的响应

为探究番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）对镉污染的修复潜力,采用土壤盆栽试验方法,研究了在土壤镉施加含量为2,4,8,16,24,48mg/kg条件下,番茄生长、光合荧光特性及其镉吸收响应特点.结果表明,在土壤中施加镉含量大于8mg/kg时,番茄叶片叶绿素含量、光合性能和荧光参数,以及生物量显著低于没有施加镉的对照（P<0.05）,表现出较强的Cd敏感性.同时,在所有镉处理中,番茄叶片对镉的富集系数（2.48~6.60）和转移系数（1.21~3.90）均大于1,表现出较强的富集能力,但经计算其土壤Cd去除率较低.因此,供试番茄品种是Cd的敏感作物,对土壤镉污染修复的潜力较小.