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排序方式: 共有86条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Judith Bell Jørgen Hilden Francis Bowling John Pearn Arthur Brownlea Nicole Martina 《黑龙江环境通报》1986,6(1):1-11
From the public health point of view, several formal attempts have been made to measure the impact of prenatal diagnosis (PND) on the incidence of Down's Syndrome (DS), but the results have varied widely. The impact of PND (reduction in the birth rate of chromosomally abnormal neonates) is related to utilization rates but quantitative estimates of this have not been established. In a three-year (1981–1983) total population study from Queensland, Australia, we present results to measure the impact of a voluntary PND programme on the birth incidence of DS, and also other chromosomally abnormal births. Utilization rates for the PND service were 15·5 per cent in that population of mothers 35 years and over. Numbers and rates of all cases of chromosomal abnormalities are presented, subclassified by type of diagnosis–-either by PND or by clinical diagnosis after birth. For the total population, 7·3 per cent of cases of DS were detected prenatally, and 15·4 per cent of all chromosome abnormalities. (A method for measuring the impact of PND is described.) Using this in conjunction with our demographic data, we estimate that with a 15 per cent utilization rate of PND by older mothers, 14 per cent of DS births can be prevented in this age group, or a 5 per cent overall reduction can be achieved if mothers of all ages are considered. One index–-the ratio of the percentage of DS births which are preventable compared with the population utilization rates of PND–-has potential for widespread use. Queensland data for this ratio is 0·34, a figure consistent with that from other studies. Thus a 3·5 per cent drop in the overall DS birth rate may be expected for each 10 per cent increase in the utilization rates of PND for mothers of 35 years and over. A diagram is presented which may serve as a model for improved data collection and better impact estimates in the future. 相似文献
22.
徐州是严重缺水城市,水资源的匮乏催生了节水措施的开展。结合徐州市某居住小区环境影响报告书中的节水措施,分析其利用雨水资源的可行性和相应的治理措施。 相似文献
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24.
Application of cleaner production technology in chemical industry: a near zero emission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sohair I. Abou-Elela Hesham Abdel Haleem Enas Abou-Taleb Hanan S. Ibrahim 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(18):1852-1858
The main objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate opportunities for implementation of pollution prevention and waste minimization in a chemical industrial company producing poly sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde which is used as a super plasticizer for concrete. Environmental problems encountered were mainly the highly polluted wastewater and a semi-solid cake containing considerable amount of the final product. Possible modules for remedial measures and their cost estimation were investigated. The proposed remedial modules included recycling of retained water discharge in filter press, recycling of washing water of reaction vessels (reactors), closed circuit cooling system for high-pressure pump, good housekeeping through control of leakage of raw material, products and water and finally utilization of retained residual product from the solid waste. The implemented pollution control measures proved to be cost effective and have short payback periods. Also, minimization of the hydraulic and organic loads in the final effluent was achieved. 相似文献
25.
鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
阐述了鸭绿江滨海湿地生态环境主要类型及其动植物资源现状、主要生态环境问题及其产生原因 ;提出了鸭绿江口滨海湿地环境保护及其资源持续利用对策 相似文献
26.
二氧化碳的回收和利用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
李建英 《石油化工环境保护》2004,27(2):40-41,44
炼油厂的制氢尾气中含有大量二氧化碳,将其分离回收并加以利用具有一定的社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
27.
采用焙烧——浸出——净化——电解工艺对含铜烟道灰泥进行回收铜锌的工艺条件研究。实验表明,烟道灰泥在650℃焙烧2小时,然后采用20%H_2SO_4在固液比(S:L)为1:3.5和温度为60~65℃条件下浸出1小时,可获得Cu浸出率89%、锌浸出率95%的良好效果。同时,在pH-2、T=100℃条件下,对浸出液采用黄钾铁矾法除铁,使净化液中铁含量小于2g/L。该溶液经电解处理后,可获得电解铜和工业级硫酸锌产品 相似文献
28.
复合菌种协同发酵混合酒糟最佳C/N的测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过测定混合酒糟发酵液初始碳源氮源的含量及复合菌种协同发酵后发发酵液中碳源氮源残留含量,计算复合菌种对碳源氮源的利用率或转化率,研究了最佳C/N的新测定法,同时对细胞干重法作了改进,发酵试验条件为:100mL混合酒糟培养液中接种量10%,温度30.0℃,转速170r/min,摇床培养48h,通过正交试验得绝干菌体质量高达14.693g/L,碳利用率是高灰98.13%,氮转化率最高达78.14%,最佳C/N比为5.1。 相似文献
29.
薛文源 《城市环境与城市生态》1991,4(4):42-46
本文论述了城市污水污泥对水源和土壤的污染,并对其污泥特性作了分析,指出在我国的现有条件下污泥的处置主要为农业上的利用. 相似文献
30.