水资源的持续开发和利用

随着人品的增长和经济的发展,越来越多的国家正面临着严重的水危机、水质的恶化和水生态系统的破坏使许多国家的淡水供应出现危机,所以水资源必须得到保护和合理的开发。本文探讨了全球水资源的短缺及其原因,并提出了解决水资源短缺的途径。     

如何提高县级环境监测数据的利用率

目前环境监测任务日益加重,监测数据日益增多,但是很多监测站数据的利用率和可利用性并没有随之提高。很多监测部门都存在盲目地攀比数据的数量,将监测数据的数量作为工作量或成绩的见证,而从来不提监测数据的可利用性和利用率。在此就目前存在的一些问题及如何提高县级监测数据的利用率进行了探讨,提出了通过优化监测工作和规范监测数据等来提高监测数据的可利用性和利用率,从而为县级环境监测站的监测工作提供借鉴。     

新汶矿区循环经济发展模式浅析

对于资源趋于枯竭、生产成本渐高、生态环境恶化的矿区来讲,发展循环经济、打造资源节约型矿区是解决这些问题的有效手段。通过对新矿集团发展循环经济的理念、实践、总结和展望的分析研究,总结了新矿集团循环经济发展模式,对于煤炭企业发展循环经济提供借鉴,为全力打造资源节约型矿区提供参考。     

Effect of Human Activities on Overall Trend of Sedimentation in the Lower Yellow River,China

The Yellow River has been intensively affected by human activities, particularly in the past 50 years, including soil–water conservation in the upper and middle drainage basin, flood protection in the lower reaches, and flow regulation and water diversion in the whole drainage basin. All these changes may impact sedimentation process of the lower Yellow River in different ways. Assessing these impacts comprehensively is important for more effective environmental management of the drainage basin. Based on the data of annual river flow, sediment load, and channel sedimentation in the lower Yellow River between 1950 and 1997, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the overall trend of channel sedimentation rate at a time scale of 50 years, and its formative cause. It was found in this study that erosion control measures and water diversion have counteractive impacts on sedimentation rate in the lower Yellow River. Although both annual river flow and sediment decreased, there was no change in channel sedimentation rate. A regression analysis indicated that the sedimentation in the lower Yellow River decreased with the sediment input to the lower Yellow River but increased with the river flow input. In the past 30–40 years, the basin-wide practice of erosion and sediment control measures resulted in a decline in sediment supply to the Yellow River; at the same time, the human development of water resources that required river flow regulation and water diversion caused great reduction in river flow. The former may reduce the sedimentation in the lower Yellow River, but the reduction of river flow increased the sedimentation. When their effects counterbalanced each other, the overall trend of channel sedimentation in the lower Yellow River remained unchanged. This fact may help us to better understand the positive and negative effects of human activities in the Yellow River basin and to pay more attention to the negative effect of the development of water resources. The results of this study demonstrate that, if the overuse of river water cannot be controlled, the reduction of channel sedimentation in the lower Yellow River cannot be realized through the practice of erosion and sediment control measures.     

论鹤岗市生态环境利用与保护

对鹤岗市生态资源与环境现状进行分析;论述了生态环境保护与利用的重要意义;提出加强生态环境保护与利用的措施与对策。     

基于标杆管理的中国城市水效评估研究

基于标杆管理的思想,在城市分类的基础上,根据统计分布规律引入"上临界"和"下临界"概念,建立城市水效标杆。应用水效标杆对城市水效评估的结果表明,2007~2013年间,万元GDP水耗、人均综合水耗、万元工业总产值水耗和人均生活水耗4项城市水效指标的标杆上临界值、下临界值均呈下降趋势,其中万元GDP水耗上临界值、下临界值年均下降率分别为11.65%和13.08%,万元工业总产值水耗的上临界值、下临界值年均下降率分别为17.61%和18.53%,年均下降率都超过10%,表明我国城市水效总体不断提升。建议进一步完善城市水资源管理信息公开,建立基于标杆管理的城市水效评估机制。     

废铅蓄电池收集利用污染防治主要问题分析和对策

文章基于废铅蓄电池的环境健康风险和收集利用价值,分析了我国废铅蓄电池收集利用现状及存在的主要问题,并从打击非法犯罪行为、完善法规制度、推进再生铅行业升级换代、加强宣传教育、建设公共信息服务平台等方面,提出了提升我国废铅蓄电池收集利用污染防治水平的建议。     

地热资源特性论述与可持续开发利用模式解析

在我国经济发展中,地热资源为我国社会经济的发展起到了重要支持作用,地热资源来自于地球内部,其在工业、农业领域中已经成为一种重要的生态型能源。对地热能源的特性及其可持续开发利用模式进行全面的认识,是推动我国经济快速发展与保护自然生态环境的热门课题。鉴于此,本文对地热资源的概念及分类进行探讨,并论述了其主要特性,在此基础上深入解析了地热资源的可持续开发利用模式。     

广州某商业中心雨水回收利用设计

以某商业中心为例,介绍了屋面雨水回收用于空调冷却塔补水的设计。根据广州地区雨水资源丰富、水质良好及工程项目的特点,确定了雨水回收范围、回收用途,并进行了月均水量平衡计算。经济效益分析表明,该系统每年可节约市政供水34000m^3,经济效益和环境效益显著。     

废旧塑料污染的防治途径

本文简要介绍了废旧塑料的几种处理和再利用方法，以及控制其污染和采用这些方法应采取的对策意见。