洞庭湖区土地利用变化对地表产流的影响分析

利用20世纪80年代末期和90年代末期获取的陆地资源卫星图像,通过GIS分析方法,对洞庭湖区近10年的土地利用／覆盖变化进行了统计分析。并以1996年7月日降雨资料分别计算了1989年和1999年土地利用状况下区域的产水量。结果表明：洞庭湖区10年间土地利用变化的主要趋势是耕地面积减少和建设用地、水域面积的增加。土地利用的主要转化方式有水田转化为建设用地、水田转化为水域、林地转化为建设用地以及旱地转化为建设用地。同样的降雨条件下,洞庭湖区1999年下垫面状况下的产水量比1989年多206×105 m3,建设用地面积的增加是这一时期产水量增加的主要原因。土地利用的变化影响汛期产水量和汇流速度,加强洪泛区的土地管理,合理控制调整土地利用状况是减轻洪涝灾害威胁的有效手段。     

Public sector perspectives and policy implications for the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site,St. Lucia

St. Lucia faces numerous challenges associated with striking a balance between its economic and conservation goals with respect to the Pitons Management Area (PMA) World Heritage Site. Among the various stakeholders, the public sector, which largely constitutes the administrative authorities representing the general public, plays an instrumental role in site management. They are primarily responsible for policy formulation as well as the provision of fiscal incentives and funds to assist in the maintenance of the site. Based on a qualitative inquiry approach, this study explored the perspectives of key persons among pertinent public and non-profit organizations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among local and national representatives from the public sector. Results revealed that the designation of the PMA as a World Heritage Site has presented both opportunities and challenges to the management of the site. Findings strongly indicate that the integrity and sustainability of the site is at stake due to a lack of commitment, coordination and political will in the public sector.     

Interspecific association among main plant species in the unstable slope with high-frequency debris flow北大核心CSCD

To determine the characteristics of vegetation community structure and the relationship between species in the frequent watersheds of debris flow in fragile ecological environments, based on sample survey and 2 × 2 joint table techniques, we used analysis of variance test, χ2 test, Jaccard index, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test to study the main plant species correlations in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone of the unstable slope. The analysis of variance test showed that all 45 species pairs had a significant negative correlation in the stable zone and instable zone, whereas there was no significant negative correlation in the deposit zone, which showed that the species had an independent distribution trend. The results from the different tests showed that there were 1 pair, 4 pairs, and 4 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association under the χ2 test and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.55, 0.67, and 0.67 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. There were 8 pairs, 5 pairs, and 5 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association from the Pearson correlation analysis test, and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.36, 0.45, and 0.45 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. There were 10 pairs, 6 pairs, and 9 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association from the Spearman's rank correlation analysis test and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.5, 0.55, and 0.6 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. The three test results showed general similarities but there were some differences. Most species pairs did not reach a significant level in the three zones and the number of negatively related species was more than the number of positively related species. In brief, this loose interspecific relationship indicates that the entire plant community was not stable, and the interspecific relationships among species are susceptible to environmental interference in the ecologically fragile areas of the debris flow basin. Therefore, rational selection and configuration of species should be applied to promote community structure development and ecological environmental improvement in vegetation restoration process areas with high-frequency debris flow. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

乡村路网对三峡库区社区水平森林结构的影响

道路作为人为扰动介质被认为是短时空尺度森林景观演化或用途转换的主要驱动力之一,体现为明显的“通道-阻隔”效应。论文以重庆市石柱县西沱镇为例,以3期遥感影像和调研数据为基础,利用ArcGIS的缓冲叠加功能,基于路网动态变化角度,从类型、林龄、起源等主要森林结构方面分析路网变化对森林结构变化的影响。结果表明：1）研究区道路数量先增加后减少,道路质量以等外公路和村级公路的改善为主。2）道路对森林景观干扰性明显。森林从类型、起源、林龄三方面在道路缓冲区内的破碎度均高于非缓冲区内的破碎度。1992—2002年及2002—2014年两个时期相比,前一时期其他灌木林、幼龄林以及萌生林大幅减少,基本表现为道路缓冲区内减少量大于非缓冲区内减少量。后一时期乔木林、中龄林以及萌生林有所增加,其他灌木林和成熟林轻微减少,其中,乔木林在道路缓冲区内增加量大于非缓冲区内增加量,中龄林及萌生林则表现为道路缓冲区内增加量弱于非缓冲区内增加量。3）道路影响域范围内,在无政策性干预条件下,道路的增加和质量的提高很大程度上导致森林景观的退化,低级路段的消失则有助于森林景观的恢复。     

有机质对三峡库区消落区沉积物磷释放的影响

以三峡库区丰都消落区沉积物为研究对象,通过分析沉积物中磷的赋存形态,以及去除轻组有机质沉积物和沉积物矿物质对磷的吸附等温曲线,揭示了磷的赋存形态及释放与有机质的关系. 结果表明:消落区本底土壤较沉积物w(总磷),w(有机磷)及w(活性磷)更高,首次覆水时更具潜在释磷风险,夏季出露期有利于沉积物有机质和有机磷积累,沉积物有机质矿化分解对磷释放起促进作用,沉积物中w(有机质)与w(有机磷)呈显著正相关,与w(无机磷)呈负相关.      

居住小区道路雨水径流消减潜力分析

居住小区建设的不断发展在缓解城市居住问题的同时,也给城市环境带来了一系列的负面效应,而减轻这些负效应的关键就在于尽可能的减少小区的不透水地表面积以使地表径流量得到消减。道路作为居住区地表的重要组成部分,在解决上述问题中应当重点考虑。本文以南京市桌新建居住区为例,从减少道路面积和改变地面铺装方式两个角度来寻找减少小区内部不透水铺装面积的方法,并估算了由此所能消减的地表径流量。根据实例分析可知,通过这两种方法可以切实有效的减少小区不透水面积进而减少雨水的径流量。     

论保护三江平原湿地的意义与措施

20世纪后半叶,三江平原进行了大规模的开发,虽然为国家粮食供应做出了贡献,但大片湿地遭到破坏。现在为拯救中国这块唯一保持原始面貌的淡水湿地,当地政府制定了具体的三江平原湿地保护条例。建立了国家级的自然保护区,保护三江平原湿地终于纳入了政府工作的议事日程,为了加深人们对保护三江平原湿地意义的认识,本文从分析三江平原湿地的自然状况、三江湿地开发对当地生态和经济的影响入手,论述了三江平原湿地保护的重要意义和应采取的具体措施。     

流域农业面源污染动态监控系统的建立和运行

提出建立农业面源污染动态监控系统的技术构思,构筑了“辽宁省农业面源污染动态监控系统”的功能及运行机制的构架,阐述了推进此动态监控系统完善的研究方案与系统实施的保证措施。     

Prospering Revolution of Resource Efficiency in Northeast Industrial Area in China

Abstract

Despite its strong advantages in resource, technology and human resource, China's Northeast Industrial Area is also experiencing problems of unreasonable industrial structure, environmental pollution, and the degradation of ecological condition, etc., which prevent this area from achieving a sustainable development. Through analyzing the resource problem, the present paper proposed a strategy of circular economy for the prosperity of this are, discussed the theories of circular economy and resource recycling, and finally concluded that improving resource productivity is at the core of circular economy.     

天水地区野生动物物种多样性及持续发展策略

天水地区地处陇南山地向陇中黄土高原的过渡地带,野生动物物种多样性丰富.根据调查及有关资料,天水地区共有307种野生动物,占甘肃野生动物总种数的41.88%,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物6种、国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物38种.针对目前天水地区野生动物保护中存在的问题,提出了加强宣传教育和法制管理、保护生境、扶持和引导社区经济、加强科学研究、处理好资源保护与合理开发利用的矛盾等发展策略.