化肥厂爆炸事故的不安全动作分析

为了分析化肥厂爆炸事故背后的不安全动作。本文选取了2009-2018年间国内外发生的52起典型化肥厂爆炸事故。从发生时间的角度分析事故特性,发现白昼期间的事故发生概率相对较高。同时文章分析了运输卸料、车间操作、特种作业和管理人员4种作业类型的不安全动作,从发生频率和风险等级两个方面评估了不安全动作的综合危险度。结果表明13项不安全动作的综合危险度较高,需要重点预控。     

安全信息认知对心理安全感的作用机理研究

为揭示安全信息认知对员工心理安全感的影响,把握信息时代背景下心理安全感的研究趋势。基于安全信息认知的背景与特征,构建心理安全感的安全信息认知流程模型。通过描述安全信息对心理安全感的影响机理,从需要、动机、意识、期望剖析心理安全感的安全信息认知动力,归纳心理安全感的安全信息认知偏好,并从风险管控、安全氛围、安全管理落地、安全防护措施设计、员工安全生产积极性方面论述心理安全感在企业的应用对策。研究表明,员工安全信息认知对其心理安全感具有重要影响,是引起心理安全感波动的关键因素,也为心理安全感在企业的应用提供指导。     

波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值模型研究

为了研究波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用过程中大自由表面变形和堤内渗流等强非线性紊流运动问题,利用改进的MPS法,建立了模拟波浪与抛石潜堤相互作用的MPS法数值计算模型。模型将抛石潜堤假定为均质多孔介质,采用Drew的二相流运动方程描述多孔介质内外的流体运动;通过在动量方程中增加非线性阻力项,并引入亚粒子尺度紊流模型,模拟波浪与可渗结构物相互作用过程中的紊流运动。选取“U”型管中多孔介质内渗流过程和孤立波与可渗潜堤相互作用两个典型的渗流问题,通过将数值计算结果与理论解和实测值的对比分析,对所提出的MPS法紊流渗流模型的模拟精度进行验证。结果表明：基于改进的MPS法构建的垂向二维紊流渗流模型可以很好地再现 “U”型管中多孔介质内渗流以及波浪作用下可渗潜堤内外的复杂流场,显著缓解流-固界面处的压力震荡与粒子分布不均匀问题,实现了较高的模拟精度。     

《21世纪议程》:行动与展望

1992年,联合国环境与发展大会通过了《关于环境与发展的里约热内卢宣言》、《21世纪议程》和《关于森林问题的原则声明》3项重要文件。之后,国际社会为推动"里约精神"的落实做出了积极努力:联合国可持续发展委员会每年举行会议,审议《21世纪议程》的执行情况;许多国家制定了国家和地方层面的《21世纪议程》或可持续发展战略;相关国际组织以可持续发展能力建设为主的活动也十分活跃。人类把发展与环境相协调作为行动准则,各国依据国情制定了促进环境与发展相协调的优先事项,使人类在实现可持续发展的进程中取得了积极进展:全球经济实现了大幅增长,发展中国家在全球经济格局中的地位不断上升;在消除贫困等社会发展方面取得显著效果,全球开始进入城市化时代;全球能源资源供应呈现多元化,资源节约集约利用成效显著。中国在经济发展滞后、贫困现象较严重背景下,承担了全球实施《21世纪议程》的旗舰角色;并依据本国的具体国情,选择性地学习与借鉴,摸索创造出具有自身特色的发展模式和道路,增加了世界可持续发展方式选择的多样性。20年来,尽管各个国家在可持续发展方面采取了积极行动,但是"里约精神"尚未全面转化为行动,在相关国际承诺与公约的履行方面还需付出巨大努力,仍然面临着重大挑战。如:以气候变化为代表的重大全球性环境问题对人类生存构成的直接威胁加大;生态超载背景下的发展空间争夺更趋激烈;全球性民生问题凸显,可持续发展面临的社会风险加大,等等。我们期待:通过"里约+20"大会,使得相关国际制度安排不断形成和完善,可持续发展进一步向全球行动转化;科技创新步伐加快,进一步推动全球向绿色发展转型;加快全球治理体系调整,新兴发展中国家成为全球可持续发展的重要推动力;全球共同努力解决重大资源环境问题,可持续发展领域的国际关系呈现竞争性合作。     

Evaluation on the toxicity of ionic liquid mixture with antagonism and synergism to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a fascinating group of new chemicals with the potential to replace the classical volatile organic solvents, stimulating many applications in chemical industry. In case ILs are released to the environment, possible combined toxicity should be taken into account and it is, however, often neglected up to now. In this paper, therefore, the concentration-response curves (CRCs) of four groups of IL mixtures with various mixture ratios to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined using the microplate toxicity analysis and were compared to the CRCs predicted by an additive reference model, the concentration addition (CA) or independent action (IA), to identify the toxicity interaction. It is showed that most of the IL mixture rays displayed the classical addition while the remaining rays exhibited antagonism or synergism. Moreover, it is found that the pEC₅₀ values of the mixture rays exhibiting antagonism or synergism are well correlated with the mixture ratio of a certain IL therein.     

Transnational environmental collective action facing implementation constraints – the case of nutrient leakage in the Baltic Sea Action Plan

While scholars have showed a long-standing interest for how to design effective environmental treaties and other international agreements, less interest has been paid to implementation phases of these agreements. This article takes the Eutrophication Segment in the Baltic Sea Action Plan as an example of a regional effort to reduce nutrient leakages, where national reporting of adopted strategies has been a key mechanism to improve implementation effectiveness. It is shown that although transnational collective action theory is a powerful tool to analyse underlying drivers and priorities in state implementation policies, a deeper analysis of domestic and external constraints can shed additional light on observed implementation gaps. Varying views among countries on, for example, the role of stakeholder participation, legitimacy and top-down governing versus multi-stakeholder governance approaches may comprise domestic constraints that make effective and efficient implementation problematic. In terms of external constraints, states’ balancing of action plan objectives versus other international commitments, such as other environmental treaties and EU Directives, is shown to potentially reduce implementation efficiency as well.     

Another avenue of action: an examination of climate change countermovement industries’ use of PAC donations and their relationship to Congressional voting over time

The political mobilization of American business elites in the 1970s and 1980s has been well studied by political scientists. Environmental sociologists have explored how industries in this elite countermovement have organized to prevent environmental legislation. The literature often focuses on the efforts of this movement to shape public opinion on climate change. However, political scientists argue business elites are running several parallel strategies simultaneously in order to protect their interests. FEC data are utilized in multilevel logit models to examine how donations from industrial Political Action Committees (PACs) relate to Congressional representative’s environmental voting behavior over a 20-year period. Industries associated with the environmental countermovement have increasingly used PAC donations over time, and every additional $10,000 a representative received from countermovement industries significantly decreased odds of their taking the pro-environmental stance even when controlling for representatives’ demographics, districts, Congressional polarization and time-period.     

有机磷农药二元混合物联合效应评价新方法的研究

以敌敌畏、乐果联合作用于线虫的毒理学实验为基础,基于FH插值法理论,通过较少的实验数据建立有机磷农药二元混合物联合效应模型,求解作用效应表达式并绘制联合效应三维曲面图;基于合并用药分析公式,计算联合作用评价q值并绘制农药浓度与q值的联合作用评价三维曲面图,结果表明敌敌畏与乐果混合物联合作用不仅表现为相加作用,而且还在局部低浓度表现为拮抗作用,与多元统计分析结果一致。上述研究表明FH插值法理论可作为二元有机磷农药联合效应分析及评价的一种新方法。     

牛粪堆肥升温菌剂的筛选及其作用机制

以糖、淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素培养基及菌株增殖倍数、菌株性能等为筛选方法,从牛粪低温堆肥中筛选不同原料重要功能菌并组成功能菌剂;以不同类别原料菌及单菌株发酵实验对升温机制进行研究。结果表明,芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌、纤维单胞菌及小孢霉菌等为重要功能菌;菌剂起温快,升温效果好,48 h堆体即由低温进入中温,5 d达到高温,腐熟时间可缩短至约17~18 d;糖功能菌升温效果最为显著,淀粉及蛋白质功能菌次之,纤维素功能菌升温能力较弱;菌株利用各种原料能力越强,增殖速度越快,对升温作用越大。各菌株充分利用基质各成分,紧密协同和促进,是低温堆体发酵升温的主要作用机制。     

Ecological citizenship and democracy: Communitarian versus agonistic perspectives

Grassroots environmental movements have recently started to question the focus on sustainable consumption as a main strategy to tackle climate change. They prefer to address individuals as citizens rather than as consumers, and focus on collective rather than individual change. Two prominent movements in this regard are Transition Towns and Climate Justice Action. While both movements criticise conventional approaches, they put forward entirely different strategies for what has to happen instead. Based on extensive qualitative research, this article analyses how these movements manifest themselves in Flanders (Belgium). The focus is on their different accounts of how and why collective practices have to be built, and the place they attribute to ‘the political’ in this. The analysis reveals the existence of two different forms of ecological citizenship: one communitarian, the other agonistic.