Pollution prevention in the pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical industry traditionally uses complex batch-type processes in the manufacture of medicines, although the production of specific medicines by continuous processes is currently envisaged. Due to the diversity of these processes, it is difficult to define a general set of waste prevention guidelines that would apply to all drug manufacturing. The most applicable methods of prevention can, however, be delineated for each of the five steps in the pharmaceutical manufacturing, i.e. (i) research and development, (ii) chemical synthesis, (iii) natural product extraction, (iv) fermentation and (v) product formulation. Waste streams generally arise from cleaning and sterilising equipment, chemical spills, rejected by-products and the processes themselves. Prevention mainly involves waste reduction by materials substitution, process modification/optimisation, waste stream segregation and solvent waste recycling. These measures are assessed and lead to guidelines for waste minimisation methods according to the waste streams under scrutiny.     

带乘员及约束系统汽车正面碰撞的有限元法仿真研究

采用计算机模拟的方法,对国产某轿车发生正面碰撞时,乘员在佩带三点式安全带的约束状态下的运动响应进行研究,从乘员的运动响应情况、乘员舱的变形情况、假人的HIC值等几个方面分析了该车型的乘员保护安全性能.模拟结果表明,该车达到了安全法规的要求.并探讨了运用有限元法对带乘员及约束系统的整车正面碰撞的计算机模拟方法.     

液化石油气汽车加气站泄漏火灾风险预防与控制

分析了液化石油气燃气汽车加气站的火灾风险,探讨了预防和控制火灾风险的消防安全对策.     

一起汽车起重机吊物坠落事故分析

介绍了一起汽车起重机吊装过程中吊物坠落事故,经过现场调查与勘查,分析吊索具在吊物过程中滑脱原因,从而总结事故原因和事故教训。     

循环经济背景下的企业环境会计账户设置优化方法浅析

循环经济发展的宏观形势下,企业的竞争环境发生了转变,经营者在运作过程中不能只考虑经济绩效,同时还必须环境绩效和社会绩效的影响,因此企业环境会计的账户设置也应当进行适当的调整;但是目前关于这方面的理论研究尚显得较为单薄.该文首先从理论推演方面探讨和归纳出了循环经济背景下企业日常经营运作机制的相关评价指标;然后分别选择了制造型企业和生产型服务企业各一家作为研究样本,运用多元统计学中的逻辑回归分析法作为工具进行了实证研究;并结合实证分析的结果,确定了循环经济背景下这两类企业环境会计账户设置优化的可行性途径.     

汽车用铂族金属的循环利用技术简介

铂族金属在地壳中储量稀少。随着汽车销量的增加及汽车尾气排放标准的提高,铂族金属的用量增长迅速。简要介绍了从废旧汽车尾气净化触媒中回收铂族金属的工艺流程及方法,随着研发技术的深入,铂族金属的回收利用率将大幅提升。     

页岩-煤矸石烧红砖法治理铬渣除毒效果研究

以页岩、煤矸石为主原料烧制的铬渣砖,在铬渣掺量达２０％,煤矸石掺量１０％时,铬渣砖整砖检测表明,解毒彻底,除毒效果稳定;表面（１ｍｍ）层检测表明,水溶性Ｃｒ６＋浸出浓度为１．１６ｍｇＬ－１,经长达５ａ大气、日晒条件下的跟踪检测,仍能达到ＧＢ５０８６－８５标准．其除毒效果主要受着窑温、体系酸碱性、含煤量及助剂的影响．     

汽车排放污染物浓度的预测

为了预测汽车排放污染物的浓度,应用简化的高斯烟团模式得到静风条件下的线源扩散预测模式。并结合高斯烟流扩散模式,建立了预测汽车污染物在任意风向下和年平均浓度的预测模式,考虑车道上存在车辆行驶的强烈机械扰动湍流和把繁忙的公路视为线源两个因素,提出了计算初始扩散参数的方法。然后,运用Turner和Pasquill扩散参数,建立了线源扩散参数的确定方法。该模式应用于预测高速公路沿途汽车污染物的浓度表明,计算值与监测值吻合较好,可用于我国公路环境影响的评价。     

碳纤维束汞膜电极法测定汽车尾气中的铅

介绍了碳纤维束汞膜微电极的制作过程,研究此电极的伏安特性,用阳极溶出伏安法测定汽车尾气中的铅含量,确定适宜的实验条件,该法简便,快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,检出限为０．１ｎｇ．ｍｌ＾－１,线性范围１．０－２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ＾－１,相对标准偏差９．４％。     

Knowledge-based system,equipped with cluster analysis for eco-material selection: an automobile structure case study

The aim of this study is to develop a material selection framework structured around a knowledge-based system (KBS). Specifically, a hybrid data mining technique is employed to extract knowledge from large datasets using cluster analysis techniques; the mined knowledge then serves as the inference logic within the KBS designed for material selection purposes. Cluster analysis results are used as a basis for the tree-based structure of the KBS where if–then rules are developed based on the general cluster properties; that is, inference logic is structured in a way such that it can predict general sustainability characteristics of the material as well as its exact mechanical, cost and physical properties. To develop the structure of the KBS, the selection structure employs sustainable material indices. Additionally, the proposed material selection model of the KBS is purposefully composed of material sustainability, functionality and cost indices. The constructed knowledge is then demonstrated for selecting automobile structural panels.