湖滨带植物群落对挟沙水体氮、磷污染物的截留效果

利用菖蒲(Gladiolus hybridus)、菱(Vallisneria spiralis)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)及菹草(Potamogeton crispus)构建的人工湖滨带对挟沙水体氮、磷污染物的截留效果进行了研究。结果表明:人工湖滨带在截留水体悬浮泥沙颗粒物的同时可有效截留水体中的氮、磷营养物质,对防止富营养化具有积极的作用。一定的水力负荷下,滞留时间12h时,夏秋季节人工湖滨带对氮、磷的截留百分率分别为21.5%、34.8%,滞留24h时的氮、磷截留率分别为25%、31.1%。在冬春季节,滞留时间24h时,菹草对挟沙水体氮、磷的截留率分别为6.67%、10.83%,滞留时间48h时的总磷截留率为6.84%。不同水流滞留时间下人工湖滨带对挟沙水体氮磷的截留效果不同,滞留时间越长效果越明显,因此须保证一定的滞留时间才可取得较好的氮磷截流效果。人工湖滨带在截留径流氮、磷营养物的过程中,泥沙对氮、磷的吸附携带作用不容忽视。     

基于修正的两段法对某电站水库松散堆积体岸坡塌岸预测

水库塌岸是影响水电站库区移民工程的重要地质灾害问题,研究其塌岸模式、预测方法并预测最终塌岸宽度是十分必要的。通过对某水电站库区重点库段塌岸进行调查分析,该水电站库区塌岸模式以冲蚀磨蚀型和坍塌型为主;分析几种常用的塌岸预测方法,确定采用修正后的两段法预测该库区塌岸最终宽度;采用现场工程地质调查法、工程类比法等手段确定了库区塌岸预测参数,并对该水电站库区塌岸进行了预测,预测结果表明库区塌岸总长30.5km,塌岸预测最终宽度为5~50m。该研究可为库区移民工程提供重要依据。     

白龙江宝珠寺水库库区塌岸模式研究

通过对宝珠寺水库库区塌岸情况的现场调查及其典型塌岸区的工程地质测绘,查明了其塌岸主要发生在第四系残坡积及古滑坡堆积体库岸的规律;建立了库区塌岸的3种主要模式:冲刷塌岸型,蠕动-张裂变形,牵引式滑移-拉裂错落;重点剖析了各模式典型塌岸段的形成发展过程及机制,计算分析出不同水位下的典型滑坡的稳定性变化规律;统计得出冲刷塌岸后各类岸坡的水上稳定坡角、水下磨蚀坡角;最后,阐明了水库岸坡的地层岩性及地质构造条件是塌岸发生的内因,而水库水位消落时岩体中排水不畅所形成的滞后的动水压力,是使滑坡及土体发生蠕动的外因。     

我国绿色银行立法问题探讨

环境要素已成为考量银行业发展的重要指标,为达到社会可持续发展目的 ,从立法的正当性和可行性出发,以环境保护与经济发展关系的视角分析绿色银行立法中的问题.通过规范分析方法发现我国绿色银行在立法层次、软法特征和制度保障方面的问题.对此,通过坚持绿色银行基本理念、推进绿色银行"硬法"和"软法"沟通协调、健全绿色银行制度保障等...     

市场经济下发展循环农业的思考——建立循环农业环境贡献量银行

由政府出资,成立循环农业环境贡献量银行,收购和交易循环农业环境贡献量,是市场经济下鼓励和发展循环农业的重要举措之一。循环农业环境贡献量银行的建立要遵循＂4R＂原则,其收购和交易的循环农业产品构成可以分为减量化贡献、再循环贡献、再利用贡献和可控制贡献,通过对循环农业环境贡献量的测算和定价可以实现其收购和交易。     

利用秸秆编织物进行河流护岸的探索研究

针对江苏省各个城市面临的秸秆焚烧带来的环境污染问题,分析水稻、小麦、油菜等秸秆的组分构成特点,结合政府对秸秆综合利用的规划,利用秸秆的编织技术和可降解特性,针对不同河岸的土壤和植被状况,采取单层、多层、立体等秸秆护岸方式进行覆盖,从生态护岸技术现状出发,探索新的河流护岸应用技术,采用新的设计工艺进行护岸工程施工,尝试对河流护岸进行生态修复运用,同时对比其它相关河流护岸修复工程的特点,加强对秸秆的实用性技术进行探索和研究。     

河岸渗滤对不同工艺再生水补给景观水的处理功效

分别采用"二级出水+O3+GFH"和"二级出水+DNBF"两种不同工艺再生水补给人工湖,河岸渗滤(简称BF)作为净化再生水补给人工湖后的维护工艺,分析BF对人工湖中污染物的去除机制。结果表明:以"二级出水+O3+GFH"工艺出水作为人工湖补水,BF对NH4+-N、NO2--N、DOC的去除效率分别为85.1%、52.0%、22.5%。以"二级出水+DNBF"工艺出水作为人工湖补水,BF对NH4+-N、NO2--N、DOC的去除效率分别为64.4%、62.0%、26.4%。人工湖NH4+-N越高,水体中充分富氧,BF砂坝内硝化作用越强,BF对NH4+-N的去除率越高,可有效抑制蓝藻的暴发。     

Grazed Riparian Management and Stream Channel Response in Southeastern Minnesota (USA) Streams

The U.S. Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service has recommended domestic cattle grazing exclusion from riparian corridors for decades. This recommendation was based on a belief that domestic cattle grazing would typically destroy stream bank vegetation and in-channel habitat. Continuous grazing (CG) has caused adverse environmental damage, but along cohesive-sediment stream banks of disturbed catchments in southeastern Minnesota, short-duration grazing (SDG), a rotational grazing system, may offer a better riparian management practice than CG. Over 30 physical and biological metrics were gathered at 26 sites to evaluate differences between SDG, CG, and nongrazed sites (NG). Ordinations produced with nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) indicated a gradient with a benthic macroinvertebrate index of biotic integrity (IBI) and riparian site management; low IBI scores associated with CG sites and higher IBI scores associated with NG sites. Nongrazed sites were associated with reduced soil compaction and higher bank stability, as measured by the Pfankuch stability index; whereas CG sites were associated with increased soil compaction and lower bank stability, SDG sites were intermediate. Bedrock geology influenced NMS results: sites with carbonate derived cobble were associated with more stable channels and higher IBI scores. Though current riparian grazing practices in southeastern Minnesota present pollution problems, short duration grazing could reduce sediment pollution if managed in an environmentally sustainable fashion that considers stream channel response.     

Population cycles of the bank vole in the range optimum

Patterns of seasonal and long-term dynamics of the size and structure of the bank vole population were studied in the European subtaiga subzone, the optimum of the species range. The dynamics of this population proved to undergo complex fluctuations with cyclic components, which have periods of one year and about three years. The one-year fluctuations of the population size and structure are accounted for by animal adaptation to seasonal changes in environmental factors. The fluctuations with the three-year quasi-period are determined by intrapopulation density-dependent mechanisms.     

Community Structure and Quality After 10 Years in Two Central Ohio Mitigation Bank Wetlands

We evaluate two 10-year-old mitigation bank wetlands in central Ohio, one created and one with restored and enhanced components, by analysis of vegetation characteristics and by comparison of the year-10 vegetation and macroinvertebrate communities with reference wetlands. To assess different measures of wetland development, we compare the prevalence of native hydrophytes with an index of floristic quality and we evaluate the predictability of these parameters in year 10, given 5 years of data. Results show that the mitigation wetlands in this study meet vegetation performance criteria of native hydrophyte establishment by year 5 and maintain these characteristics through year 10. Species richness and floristic quality, as well as vegetative similarity with reference wetlands, differ among mitigation wetlands in year 1 and also in their rate of change during the first 10 years. The prevalence of native hydrophytes is reasonably predictable by year 10, but 5 years of monitoring is not sufficient to predict future trends of floristic quality in either the created or restored wetland. By year 10, macroinvertebrate taxa richness does not statistically differ among these wetlands, but mitigation wetlands differ from reference sites by tolerance index and by trophic guild dominance. The created wetland herbivore biomass is significantly smaller than its reference, whereas detritivore biomass is significantly greater in the created wetland and smaller in the restored wetland as compared with respective reference wetlands. These analyses illustrate differences in measures of wetland performance and contrast the monitoring duration necessary for legal compliance with the duration required for development of more complex indicators of ecosystem integrity.