企业安全生产责任的图表分析法研究

企业的任何一项安全生产业务都可以分解为一系列安全生产责任,完成一项安全生产业务,都需有若干个步骤,要几个部门或人员参加。为了最大限度地节省人力、物力和财力资源,提高效率,应尽量避免安全生产责任的交叉和步骤的重复,并且做到安全生产责任落实到企业部门或人员。本文充分利用图表直观的特点,提出了一种用图表分析企业安全生产责任的方法,明确了企业安全生产业务责任图表的基本概念及其编制过程,给出了分析案例。     

Economic liberalisation, innovation, and technology transfer: opportunities for cleaner production in the minerals industry

The liberalisation of investment regimes for mining over the past decade is encouraging an inflow of foreign investment for mining and mineral processing projects in developing and former centrally-planned economies. This new investment is occurring at a time of technological change within the international mining industry as market and regulatory pressures lead the most dynamic firms to invest in the development or acquisition of new technologies and management practices. The effective transfer and assimilation of these technologies enable mining companies to combine gains in productivity with improvements in environmental management. Joint ventures and other strategic alliances between inwardly investing firms and the newly privatised or remnant state-owned mining enterprises may provide an effective vehicle for the transfer of the techniques for more productive and cleaner operations. Specific examples of innovative process and remediation technologies are analysed and it is suggested that the ability of innovative technologies to improve competitiveness and sustain best-practice environmental management in the recipient is linked to the transfer and effective acquisition of the capacity to manage the complex processes of technological and organisational change. The paper closes with some recommendations for further research directed towards a systematic examination of this hypothesis.     

On the transmission of the effects of monetary policy to the regions

In the paper the theoretical framework is that of credit rationing theory, the regional differences being examined in terms of both financial markets and the real economy. Empirically the focus is upon regional trends in market conditions and the timelags experienced in the effects of monetary policies in two different regions. The period of time examined is from 1970 to 1978, the changes in the marginal interest on central bank credit issued to the commercial banks being taken as the indicator of monetary policy and data on employment opportunities vacant in the regions as representing market conditions and the delay‐effects of monetary policy. The methods used are those of cross‐correlation analysis.     

安全文化与保险业的发展

讨论安全文化与保险业的相互关系。随着安全文化的发展，人们的风险意识逐渐增强，因而出现了保险业。由于保险业具有补偿损失职能和经济给付职能，因而减小了风险损失，保障人们健康、安全、舒适、高效地生活和工作，同时也促进了人们风险意识的提高。因此，安全文化与保险业将相互促进，相互发展     

The relationship between daylight and happiness for women in residential districts of Isfahan,Iran

This study explores the relationship between daylight exposure in urban residential units and the mood/happiness of nonworking female residents (housewives) in Isfahan, Iran. A growing body of evidence points to the physiological and psychological benefits of daylight, yet few studies have focused on the relationship between residential daylight and women's mental health. A cross‐sectional study was conducted using two‐stage random cluster sampling of nonworking female occupants of buildings in four residential districts. Mood/happiness was determined using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Fordyce Happiness Inventory. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the variables. A significant relationship was found between residents’ happiness and the amount of daylight in their residential units (Oxford Inventory, r = 0.68, P < 0.05; Fordyce Inventory, r = 0.53, P < 0.05). The findings suggest that features of physical residential environments, such as daylight, may be linked to the happiness of housewives. Persons belonging to various demographic groups who spend the majority of their time indoors (e.g., housewives, children, elderly individuals, and people with disabilities) are most dependent on architecture and environmental design for their well‐being, and therefore, are most affected by design decisions.     

汽车产品回收利用技术及商业循环模式的实现

探讨了汽车产品回收利用技术实现的方案。实现汽车的全生命周期,需要经过汽车整车拆解、汽车零部件分类以及汽车零部件再制造或资源化回收这三大步骤,并对这三项内容加以具体阐述。结合现行报废汽车产业政策,提出了一种实现汽车产品回收的商业循环模式。说明了汽车产品回收再制造信息管理系统的重要性,并介绍了其六项功能。     

磷胁迫条件下北美红杉幼苗生长的适应性反应

采用温室盆栽的方法探讨了不同的P质量浓度(0、0.018、0.036、0.054、0.071、0.108、0.142和0.213g.L-1,以0.071g.L-1作为对照)处理下北美红杉一年生幼苗生物量及根系生长的反应,结果表明,P供应不足时,幼苗将更多的生物量分配到地下以扩大根系的生长,地下/地上生物量比率增加,缺P时为0.47。高水平供P条件下,增加幅度较大,供P水平增加2倍时,达0.66。幼苗细根/叶生物量比率与地下/地上生物量比率变化规律相似。当供P水平较低时,幼苗的一级侧根数增多,根系的分枝密度增加,二级侧根节点之间距离减小,细根的特定根长增加,这些根系结构特征的变化有利于幼苗吸收更多的养分和水分。P养分供应适宜时,幼苗增加了地上部分的分枝数,以争取更多的地上资源空间。     

SPACSYS: Integration of a 3D root architecture component to carbon, nitrogen and water cycling—Model description

It is an ongoing challenge to develop and demonstrate management practices that increase the sustainability of agricultural systems. Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics directly affect soil quality, crop productivity and environmental impacts. Root systems are central to the acquisition of water and nutrients by plants, but are also a major pathway for the inputs of carbon and nutrients to soil. The complexity of both biotic and abiotic interactions, combined with stochastic changes in root architecture, makes it difficult to understand below-ground dynamics on the basis of experimentation alone. The integration of dynamic models of above-ground growth, three-dimensional root system demography, and interactions between plants and the environment, into one single model is a major challenge because of the complexity of the systems.In order to understand the interaction between a plant and the environment, it is advantageous to develop a model framework to integrate submodels that simulate various plant and environmental components. The objective of this paper is to outline a mechanistic and process-based model, which is capable of simulating interactions among environmental conditions around plants, plant growth and development, nitrogen and carbon cycles, with a three-dimensional root system submodel as an interface.The model presented in this paper is a mixed dimensional, multi-layer, field scale, weather-driven and daily time-step dynamic simulation model. The current version includes a plant growth and development component, a nitrogen cycling component, a carbon cycling component, plus a soil water component that includes representation of water flow to field drains as well as downwards through the soil layers, together with a heat transfer component. The components themselves and linkage among components are designed using object-oriented techniques, which makes the model robust, understandable and reusable. The components are implemented in the C++ programming language, and inputs and outputs of all components are organised as a database in either Microsoft^® SQL Server 2000, Access 2000 or MySQL5.0. Root architecture is visualised by using the OpenGL graphics system. Preliminary validation with two separate experimental datasets shows that the model can reasonably simulate root systems, nitrogen cycling, water movement and plant growth.     

松嫩草地羊草克隆构型特征在不同种群密度下的可塑性

对不同密度羊草(Leymuschinensis)种群的克隆构型特征进行了调查,比较在资源水平相对一致时,羊草克隆构型特征,如根茎节间长度、间隔子长度、分枝距离和分枝角度,对种群密度变化的可塑性.结果表明:随着种群密度增加,羊草根茎节间长度和间隔子长度逐渐减小,分枝角度增大,且分枝角度在不同密度间差异显著.分枝角度的频率分布格局在不同密度间也存在显著差异,种群密度高时,羊草根茎具有更多的大分枝角.此外,羊草根茎节间长度、间隔子长度和分枝角度与其种群密度具有较强的冥函数关系.羊草根茎克隆特征在不同密度间具有较强的可塑性,当种群密度低时,羊草克隆特征更趋于“游击型”;随着种群密度的增加,其“游击型”特征减弱. 图2表2参19     

生态园林与城市环境保护

阐述了生态园林的概念以及它在城市环境保护中的重要作用，讨论了在实施生态园林计划中如何保护、治理城市环境的一些措施，包括城市自然性的恢复，城市的逆境治理和城市的生物多样性的保护与发展等。急切呼吁将生态园林建设同建设环境保护有机地结合起来。