废水中微量酚的气相色谱法测定

采用SP 370 0型气相色谱仪 ,配以SE 54玻璃毛细管柱 (35m× 0 .37mmi.d .)、氢焰离子化检测器 ,测定了以GDX 50 2为吸附剂富集的含酚废水样 .方法的最低检知浓度为 1 4 0× 1 0 - 9。     

双毛细管柱气相色谱法测定环境水体中取代苯

本文使用 GDX- 10 2大孔树脂对水中微量烷基苯类、硝基苯类、卤代苯类进行了同时富集 ,富集后的水样用两根极性不同的毛细管柱进行气相色谱双柱定性 ,外标法定量。本方法对十四种取代苯的加标回收率为 92 %～ 98% ,相对标准偏差在 5 %以下 ,最低检测限达 3.2 5× 10 -9g。采用的双毛细管柱定性方法操作简便 ,结果可靠     

RAPID WATER TABLE RESPONSES TO RAINFALL IN A NORTHERN PEATLAND ECOSYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Two types of rapid water table responses to rain were observed in a northern Michigan peatland. The first, called the Lisse effect, occurred during rains of high intensity when the infiltrating water acted as a tightly closing lid that forced the water table to rise to the level required to compensate for the pressure increase. The second, called the Wieringermeer effect, was a rapid rise of the water table to the surface due to the conversion of capillary to phreatic water and was always followed by an equally rapid decline after cessation of the rainfall. We simulated these phenomena in the laboratory and estimated the critical parameters that determine their occurrence. The recognition of the importance of the capillary fringe is essential in evaluating the role of wetlands in flood control and in wastewater treatment.     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法快速分析水中酚类化合物

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩进样于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析时间短、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点.本工作用固相微萃取富集水中酚类化合物,毛细管气相色谱分离分析,整个分析过程只需45min,检出限可达1.0～10.0μg/L,已用于地面水、海水、工厂废水中酚类化合物含量的测定.     

Saturated and Unsaturated Water Flow in Inclined Porous Media

This paper considers the two-dimensional saturated and unsaturated flow of water through inclined porous media, namely a waste dump or hill slope. Since the partial differential equation governing this water flow transforms from being parabolic to elliptic as the water flow varies from unsaturated to saturated, an iterative, finite differencing scheme is used to develop a numerical solution. The model can be used to investigate the effects that hill slope angle, depth of soil cover and hilltop width have on water accumulation in the dump and the time required for saturation to occur at different areas in the dump domain. The accuracy and reliability of the computer based solution is tested for two different boundary conditions – (1) no flow on all boundaries (i.e., the internal redistribution of soil moisture to steady state) and (2) a constant rainfall flux on the dump surface. Numerical studies then show the effects of changing the hill slope angle, depth of layer, and dump geometry on the flow characteristics in the dump.     

使用毛细管离子分析仪对水中有机、无机阴离子的同时测定

研究在使用毛细管离子分析仪测定水中有机阴离子和无机阴离子的过程中 ,电压、电解质溶液的种类、浓度和 p H值以及样品本身浓度对分离效果的影响 .在优化条件下 ,即二元电解质溶液中铬酸钠和邻苯二甲酸氢钾的浓度分别为 3mmol/L和7.5mmol/L,电渗流改性剂 OFM的加入量为每 1 0 0 ml电解质 2 ml.调节测定溶液的 p H为 7.4～ 7.6时 ,可使常见的几种无机阴离子和几种小分子有机酸阴离子同时出峰 ,并且能够获得较好的分离度 .     

污泥胞外聚合物的提取方法及其对污泥脱水性能的影响

采用7种不同方法提取污泥胞外聚合物(EPS),并研究污泥不同层EPS剥离前后对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,甲醛+NaOH和2%EDTA提取法对污泥中紧密结合的胞外聚合物(tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances,TB-EPS)提取效率最高,总固体(SS)中的EPS提取量分别为128.9 mg.g-1和42.38 mg.g-1,但提取后细胞破裂严重,不能代表污泥EPS的真实含量,不宜采用.加热法较为温和,提取效率较高,总SS中EPS产量为21.97 mg.g-1.污泥剥离黏液层(Slime层)、松散结合的胞外聚合物(loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances,LB-EPS)和TB-EPS层后污泥的脱水性能大幅度改善,其中Slime层EPS含量越高污泥的脱水性能越差,当污泥EPS大量地释放到溶液中即Slime层时污泥的CST值大幅度升高,污泥的脱水性能变差.石湖墟和昂船舟污泥初始的毛细吸水时间(CST)为132.9 s和229.9 s,当剥离Slime层时这2种污泥的CST值分别为80.8 s和79.4 s,脱水性能得到明显改善.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定水中的毒死蜱含量

利用胶束电动毛细管色谱（MEKC）建立了测定水中毒死蜱含量的方法,研究了检测波长、运行缓冲液的种类、浓度以及pH、有机添加剂、脱氧胆酸钠（NaDCh）的浓度和分离电压等实验条件对毒死蜱测定的影响.实验结果表明,以25 mmol.L-1硼砂（pH 9.0,含20%（V/V）乙腈和50 mmol.L-1NaDCh）作为缓冲...     

气-水两相砂介质中饱和度-毛细压力关系与水位波动之间的响应

利用时域反射仪（TDR）与微型张力计（T5）联用装置,测定气-水两相砂介质中因水位波动产生的连续干燥与湿润循环过程中饱和度-毛细压力（S-p）关系曲线.同时,研究了多重水位波动对S-p关系曲线、孔隙流体运移的滞后性及空气剩余饱和度的作用.结果表明,TDR、T5和数据自动采集器联用装置可较准确测量出气-水两相条件下S-p关系的动态变化.同一介质中不同干燥过程的侵入压值比较接近,与干燥过程的初始水饱和度无关;而干燥或湿润过程的S-p关系曲线和滞后程度则与其初始水饱和度密切相关.在特定的干燥和湿润循环过程中,初始水饱和度大小对空气剩余饱和度的值影响不大,用于预测非湿润相流体剩余饱和度的Land的假设需要修正.本研究结果对进一步研究水位波动条件下地下有机污染物运移具有借鉴作用,可为修正NAPL Simulator 提供实验依据.