黄渤海沿岸经济贝类体中重金属残留量水平

以1990年7月～12月中国黄渤海沿岸经济贝类体内重金属分析数据为基础,探讨了黄渤海沿岸主要经济贝类体中5种重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr）含量水平及污染特征。其调查结果表明：目前只有铜未超过双壳类软体动物评价标准。重金属残留量平均水平为黄海沿岸大于渤海沿岸。不同种类双壳类软体动物对５种重金属富集能力存在着差异,牡蛎对铜、锌的富集能力比其他贝类高40～100倍,毛蚶对镉、铬的富集能力比其他贝类高5～58倍。此沿岸的紫贻贝、牡蛎、文蛤、毛蚶等可作海洋污染生物指示种。     

有机污染物在大连近海海水中生物降解速度的研究

研究了４种特征有机污染物在大连近海海水中生物降解的动力学,通过大天然海水中分别加入有机物苯,硝基苯,苯胺和苯酚,实验测定了它们在０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ,０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ及１ｍｇ／Ｌ等几组不同浓度下的ＢＯＤ及其历时曲线,根据实验结果,经数据处理,得到同物的生物降解动力学参数Ｋ和Ｌ０,应用一级反应动力学表示的ＢＯＤ数学模式Ｙ＝Ｌ０（１－１０＾ｋｔ）较好表达了ＢＯＤ随时间的变化规律,计算结果与实测     

舟山港水域环境保护管理体制和运行机制探讨

论述了舟山港水域的环境现状、存在的主要环境问题,以及环境保护工作的重要性,提出了舟山港水域环境保护的主要目标,并结合其自然特点,探讨了舟山港水域环境保护管理对策。     

万宁地区近地面氯离子沉积速率的影响因素研究

目的 研究热带海洋大气环境中不同地貌下氯离子沉积速率的分布规律及主要影响因素。方法 通过挂片法采集万宁地区的氯离子沉积速率,并分析离海距离、地形地貌对氯离子沉积速率的影响,以及其与海水因素、自然环境因素间的相关性。结果 近海开阔区域氯离子沉积速率受离海距离和地貌的影响显著,在300 m处降低至90 m处的1/3左右,地貌的变化导致同一距离点处的氯离子沉积速率相差30倍。另外,高的海水有效波高、风速和东风占比使春季氯离子沉积速率高于夏季。结论 不同地貌下的氯离子沉积速率均与海水有效波高、风速间呈较强的正相关性。     

广东沿海风暴潮灾害应急管理初探

广东沿海由于特殊的地理位置和气候条件,是风暴潮灾害的高发区。在分析广东沿海风暴潮灾害特点、广东省风暴潮灾害防御体系建设现状的基础上,总结了广东沿海风暴潮灾害应急管理中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议,可供工程技术人员和政府管理人员参考。     

中国海岸湿地环境特点与开发利用

海岸湿地是由低地、滩涂与生物群落组合的海岸环境。中国海岸湿地环境受季风波浪、潮汐与大河影响的河海交互作用为特征,地跨39个纬度带,其面积约占中国湿地总面积的1/5。按成因与表相可分为：河口芦苇、草滩湿地,平原海岸草滩盐沼湿地及在华南隐蔽港湾顶部红树林沼泽湿地3种类型。均具有潮上带、潮间带与潮下带分带特性。海岸湿地是珍贵的新生空间资源,但由于滥伐垦殖、外来生物种属入侵危害、陆源水沙减少及海平面上升招致海岸侵蚀、盐潮入侵与内涝频繁等灾害影响,海岸湿地环境质量下降,面临着解决海岸湿地生态保护与沿海人民生计这一新生矛盾问题。需沿流域进行陆海结合的系统研究与对比总结,找出湿地保护与开发的临界度,全面规划实施。     

Freshwater systems and ecosystem services: Challenges and chances for cross-fertilization of disciplines

Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened in the world, while providing numerous essential ecosystem services (ES) to humans. Despite their importance, research on freshwater ecosystem services is limited. Here, we examine how freshwater studies could help to advance ES research and vice versa. We summarize major knowledge gaps and suggest solutions focusing on science and policy in Europe. We found several features that are unique to freshwater ecosystems, but often disregarded in ES assessments. Insufficient transfer of knowledge towards stakeholders is also problematic. Knowledge transfer and implementation seems to be less effective towards South-east Europe. Focusing on the strengths of freshwater research regarding connectivity, across borders, involving multiple actors can help to improve ES research towards a more dynamic, landscape-level approach, which we believe can boost the implementation of the ES concept in freshwater policies. Bridging these gaps can contribute to achieve the ambitious targets of the EU’s Green Deal.     

Potential Vulnerability Implications of Sea Level Rise for the Coastal Zones of Cochin, Southwest Coast of India

This study presents the results of the impact assessment analysis of the coastal zones of Cochin along the southwest coast of India. The climatological cycle of sea level derived for the region for the period 1939–2003 has shown a range of about 17 cm. From the results obtained on the coastal sedimentary environments, it is found that climate-induced sea level rise scenarios will bring profound effects. It is also revealed that the mean beach slope and relief play a vital role in land loss of the region. The local relief of coastal zone will decrease as sea level rises, thus increasing the percentage of land above mean sea level subjected to episodic inundations. Results of the yearly probability of damages indicated the urgency to upgrade the existing designs of coastal protection structures. A brief characterisation of the issues on infrastructure and uncertainties in policy planning also are attempted.     

A GIS Approach to Model Sediment Reduction Susceptibility of Mixed Sand and Gravel Beaches

The morphological form of mixed sand and gravel beaches is distinct, and the process/response system and complex dynamics of these beaches are not well understood. Process response models developed for pure sand or gravel beaches cannot be directly applied to these beaches. The Canterbury Bight coastline is apparently abundantly supplied with sediments from large rivers and coastal alluvial cliffs, but a large part of this coastline is experiencing long-term erosion. Sediment budget models provide little evidence to suggest sediments are stored within this system. Current sediment budget models inadequately quantify and account for the processes responsible for the patterns of erosion and accretion of this coastline. We outline a new method to extrapolate from laboratory experiments to the field using a geographical information system approach to model sediment reduction susceptibility for the Canterbury Bight. Sediment samples from ten representative sites were tumbled in a concrete mixer for an equivalent distance of 40 km. From the textural mixture and weight loss over 40 km tumbling, we applied regression techniques to generate a predictive equation for Sediment Reduction Susceptibility (SRS). We used Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to extrapolate the results from fifty-five sites with data on textural sediment composition to field locations with no data along the Canterbury Bight, creating a continuous sediment reductions susceptibility surface. Isolines of regular SRS intervals were then derived from the continuous surface to create a contour map of sediment reductions susceptibility for the Canterbury Bight. Results highlighted the variability in SRS along this coastline.     

近岸海域水质自动监测系统站位的布设

水质自动监测将是近岸海域环境监测的一个发展趋势。通过分析现有近岸海域自动监测站在站点布设过程中的经验,对近岸海域自动监测系统站位的设置原则、技术要求、基本条件及注意事项等进行阐述,为后续近岸海域自动监测系统的建设提供参考依据。