日本炼厂环保工作的特点与借鉴

根岸炼油厂是日本国最大的燃料、润滑油型炼油厂，通过交流参观看到作为发达国家的日本国对环境保护非常重视，各项环保法规、法令、标准从国家到地方各级都很严格和详细，治理措施十分完善，环境保护取得显著的成效。     

Fisheries management: integrating societal preference, decision analysis, and ecological risk assessment

Fisheries management is the practice of analyzing and selecting options to maintain or alter the structure, dynamics, and interaction of habitat, aquatic biota, and man to achieve human goals and objectives. The theory of fisheries management is: managers or decision makers attempt to maximize renewable `output' from an aquatic resource by choosing from among a set of decision options and applying a set of actions that generate an array of outputs. Outputs may be defined as a tangible catch, a fishing experience, an existence value, or anything else produced or supported by renewable aquatic resources. Overall output is always a mix of tangible and intangible elements. However defined, management goals and objectives are essential components of fisheries management or any other field of renewable natural resource management. Reaching consensus on management goals and objectives has never been a simple task. Beyond the broad and often conflicting goals of an agency, managers must decide who should set specific management objectives — agency personnel, the public, or a combination of the two. Historically, rhetoric aside, fisheries managers in North America nearly always have consulted with professionals in governmental roles to set management objectives. In a strongly pluralistic society, this often resulted in protracted political and legal conflict. Increasingly, there are calls for use of risk assessment to help solve such ecological policy and management problems commonly encountered in fisheries management. The basic concepts of ecological risk assessment may be simple, but the jargon and details are not. Risk assessment (and similar analytical tools) is a concept that has evoked strong reactions whenever it has been used. In spite of the difficulties of defining problems and setting management objectives for complex ecological policy questions, use of risk assessment to help solve ecological problems is widely supported. Ecological risk assessment will be most useful (and objective) in political deliberations when the policy debate revolves around largely technical concerns. To the extent that risk assessment forces policy debate and disagreement toward fundamental differences rather than superficial ones, it will be useful in decision making.     

环境审计方法与实践

环境审计是深化环境管理的一项重要手段，受到很多国家环境保护部门的重视并积极推广，文章详细阐述了环境审计的定义，范围，目的和具体工作步骤，并根据实际调查，对一家造纸厂进行了环境审计，取得了显著的效果，证明环境审计对开展废物减量和清洁生产有重要作用。     

公害民事责任三论

当今，公害已成为公众十分关注的社会问题之一。为维护我国公民的合法权益，我国环境保护法律体系中，对公害造成的社会性危害作了具体规定，文章对民事责任基本从三方面作了比较系统完整的探讨。公害民事责任的法律规定。公害民事责任的特点，公害民事责任与资源破坏民事责任的关系，在公害民事责任与一般民事责任关系的分析中，阐述了追公害民事责任的法律依据和公害民事责任是一种特殊的侵权的民事责任的特性。     

Opportunities and constraints for Product-oriented Environmental Management Systems (P-EMS)

Product-oriented Environmental Management Systems (P-EMS) are a logical extension of current, often primarily process- of facility-oriented Environmental Management Systems. The Dutch government promotes P-EMS as part of its product-oriented environmental policies. The idea of P-EMS is to enable producers to make environmentally responsible decisions on product development and product strategies, in collaboration with suppliers and customers. This paper summarises example P-EMS projects in The Netherlands for two segments of industry, namely retail and manufacturing industry. Moreover two other initiatives will be covered that deal with the development of tools to facilitate P-EMS in two other industry sectors (food processing and building). Success factors that emerge from these initial experiences are: focus on partners that have a strong incentive to act, application of screening Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) or user-shells for LCA, and focus on improvements that can be implemented on the short term.     

建立上海市突发环境事件应急防范和处置体系的研究

随着人类活动的加剧和工业的不断发展，全球突发环境事件日渐频繁。因此，在日常工作中应加强突发环境事件的应急防范和反应体系建设。防患于未然。文章概述了国内外对突发环境事件的防范及应急处置现状，分析了突发环境事件的特点和危害，简要阐述了建立上海市突发环境事件应急处置指挥系统的重要性及必要性，重点介绍了上海市突发环境事件的应急指挥、应急响应及灾害评估体系，并介绍了与突发环境事件应急处置有关的几个问题。以增加系统的可操作性。同时。提出了加强上海市应急防范和处置系统建设的对策及建议。     

城市供水管网漏损控制潜力研究

在我国各城市普遍缺水的同时，城市供水管网的漏损状况却相当的严重，科学衡量漏损控制的潜力，对于控制漏损和科学地进行城市水资源规划和需求管理非常重要。从技术潜力、经济潜力、社会潜力三方面将城市供水管网漏损控制的潜力进行了分析。提出了以社会最优值作为漏损控制的目标，以社会潜力作为需求管理的依据，同时综合考虑技术潜力和经济潜力。社会最优控制水平和企业的经济漏损控制水平之间有时会存在很大差异。科学的划分政府和企业在控制漏损的义务是非常必要的，如果需要企业的漏损控制水平小于经济漏损水平时政府应该给予一定的补偿，这样才能增加企业控制管网漏损的积极性。     

A review of EMAS in Greece: is it effective?

EMAS certification is a common practice among the European companies. However, based on the data from the Greek Ministry of Environment, only 10 companies were EMAS certified in Greece by December 2003. The aim of this study is to identify and summarize the experiences of the EMAS certified companies that operate in Greece. Based on the results of the study, the major advantage from the EMAS implementation seems to be the closer monitoring of the production process while the main cost item is the infrastructure upgrading.     

葫芦岛市沿海潮间带无脊椎生物生存状况调查

对葫芦岛市沿海潮间带常见无脊椎生物的种类、种群密度和生物量进行了调查分析，采用生物多样性指数和均匀度指数两项指标对近岸海域环境进行了评价。研究了环境污染对沿海潮间带常见无脊椎生物生存状况的影响，并根据当地情况提出了保护水质的建议。     

大理州电磁辐射环境污染特征及防治

电磁能在人类生产、生活中得到广泛应用 ,而电磁辐射对环境的影响却并不为大多数人们所认识。本文通过对大理州电磁辐射环境污染现状和特征进行分析 ,提出相应的污染防治对策及建议 ,为今后本地区的电磁辐射环境管理提供科学依据