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991.
高密度微阵列基因芯片技术在微生物分子生态学研究中的运用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
应用基于16S rDNA 的高密度微阵列基因芯片(Microarray)技术对膜生物反应器内的微生物多样性进行研究.结果表明,膜生物反应器具有较高的微生物多样性,Microarray共检测到1 019种微生物.Proteobacteria是其中的优势种,共含有657种微生物,占总种群数量的64.5%左右.gamma Proteobacteria是Proteobacteria中的优势种,占35.8%左右,但相对含量一般并不高.beta Proteobacteria虽然种群数量稍少,但其在荧光强度最高的前25种和50种微生物中比重最大,分别占40%和36%左右.通过比较微生物的相对荧光强度,发现Clostridia是系统中的优势微生物种属.一些常见的硝化细菌如Nitrosomonadaceae、Nitrospiraceae等也具有较高的含量.Microarray作为一种实时、高效、准确的分子生物学手段,可应用于废水处理中的微生物多样性研究. 相似文献
992.
Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for
drinking water purification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological
performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent
water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial
analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably
contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to
confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the
isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial
community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use. 相似文献
993.
不同森林土壤微生物群落对Biolog-GN板碳源的利用 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:21
应用Biolog方法研究了不同森林恢复类型(人工恢复的湿地松林、杉木林、油茶林和自然恢复的天然次生林)土壤微生物群落对Biolog-GN板不同类型碳源的利用情况,结果表明,自然恢复的天然次生林土壤微生物群落的碳源代谢能力比3种人工林强,其次是油茶林.4种森林类型土壤微生物群落比较偏好、利用率较高的3类碳源是糖类、羧酸类和氨基酸类.对4类森林恢复类型土壤微生物群落具有分异作用的主要碳源类型亦为糖类、羧酸类和氨基酸类,这3类碳源是研究森林恢复后导致土壤微生物群落变化的敏感碳源. 相似文献
994.
生物陶粒与生物活性炭上微生物群落结构的PCR-SSCP技术解析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
采用PCR-SSCP(单链构象多态性)技术,以16S rRNA基因的V4-V5区为靶对象,分析用于饮用水处理的生物陶粒和生物活性炭上的微生物群落结构.对生物陶粒和生物活性炭上的微生物分别进行超声波洗脱、R2A和LB平板培养后提取基因组DNA.结果表明,除生物活性炭超声波洗脱不能提取到DNA外,其他处理均能提取到大小在10 kb以上的基因组DNA,但所提取的量有较大差异.以提取的DNA为模板分别进行PCR,均能扩增到408 bp的基因片段.这些片段经λ核酸外切酶消化处理后进行SSCP电泳.结果显示,超声波洗脱、R2A和LB培养对试验结果影响不明显.生物陶粒的微生物基因扩增片段SSCP图谱相同,且只出现1条带.测序后与基因组数据库对比,结果显示其与uncultured Pseudomonas sp. clone FTL201 16S rDNA (GenBank登录号AF509293.1)片段同源性为92%.生物活性炭的微生物基因扩增片段SSCP图谱也相同,但有2条带.测序对比的结果表明, 这2个基因片段与Bacillus sp. JH19 16S rDNA (GenBank 登录号DQ232748.1)片段和Bacterium VA-S-11 16S rDNA (GenBank登录号AY395279.1)片段的同源性分别为100%和99%. 相似文献
995.
堆肥化过程中微生物群落的动态 总被引:16,自引:5,他引:11
通过变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和平板计数法对堆肥化过程中微生物的区系动态变化进行了研究.结果表明,在堆肥化过程中,微生物数量总的趋势是细菌的数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌的数量最少,中温微生物的数量始终高于高温微生物.当发酵结束后,中温微生物的数量低于发酵初始水平,高温放线菌和高温真菌的数量试验结束后高于初始水平,高温细菌的数量在整个堆肥化过程中变化不大.通过DGGE分析表明,发酵过程中细菌的种类发生了明显的更迭现象.发酵初期Bdellovibrio、Clostridia bacterium、Bacillus、Clostridium等占优势,中期Beta proteobacterium、Petrobacter succinimandens、Nitrospirae bacterium、Clostridium等占优势,后期Clostridium、Beta proteobacterium、Paenibacillus等占优势,而在整个堆肥化过程中Clostridium都是优势种. 相似文献
996.
The bacterial community structures in two sewage treatment plants with different processes and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for bacterial community analysis. Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and actinomycetic community analysis were also carried out to investigate the relationship between specific population structures and system or sludge performance. The two plants demonstrated a similarity in bacterial community structures of raw sewage and activated sludge, but they had different effluent populations. Many dominant bacterial populations of raw sewage did not appear in the activated sludge samples, suggesting that the dominant bacterial populations in raw sewage might not play an important role during wastewater treatment. Although the two plants had different sludge properties in terms of settleability and foam forming ability, they demonstrated similar actinomycetic community structures. For activated sludge with bad settling performance, the treated water presented a similar DGGE pattern with that of activated sludge, indicating the nonselective washout of bacteria from the system. The plant with better ammonium removal efficiency showed higher ammonia-oxidizing bacteria species richness. Analysis of sequencing results showed that the major populations in raw sewage were uncultured bacterium, while in activated sludge the predominant populations were beta proteobacteria. 相似文献
997.
Effects of vegetation type on soil microbial community structure and catabolic
diversity assessed by polyphasic methods in North China 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
HAN Xue-mei WANG Ren-qing LIU Jian WANG Meng-cheng ZHOU Juan GUO Wei-hua 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1228-1234
Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community.In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial communities,the soil microbial communities were assessed by plate counts,phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog microplate techniques in five plant communities,i.e.,soybean field (SF),artificial turf (AT),artificial shrub (AS),natural shrub (NS),and maize field (MF) in Jinan,Shandong Province,North China.The results showed that plant diversity had little discernible effect on microbial biomass but a positive impact on the evenness of utilized substrates in Biolog microplate.Legumes could significantly enhance the number of cultural microorganisms,microbial biomass,and community catabolic diversity.Except for SF dominated by legumes,the biomass of fungi and the catabolic diversity of microbial community were higher in less disturbed soil beneath NS than in frequently disturbed soils beneath the other vegetation types.These results confirmed that high number of plant species,legumes,and natural vegetation types tend to support soil microbial communities with higher function.The present study also found a significant correlation between the number of cultured bacteria and catabolic diversity of the bacterial community.Different research methods led to varied results in this study.The combination of several approaches is recommended for accurately describing the characteristics of microbial communities in many respects. 相似文献
998.
人工湿地组合工艺对水体中浮游动物群落结构的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了在不同水力负荷条件下[0.6 m3·(m2·d)-1,0.8 m3·(m2·d)-1,1.0 m3·(m2·d)-1],人工湿地组合工艺系统对浮游动物群落结构的影响和在相同的水力负荷下,人工湿地组合工艺系统对浮游动物群落结构影响的季节性变化.结果表明,在水力冲击负荷为0.8 m3·(m2·d)-1时对浮游动物群落结构的影响相对较大;春、夏、秋季的作用强于冬季,而秋季对浮游动物群落结构的影响最大;对大型浮游动物的影响大(去除率≥70%),对小型浮游动物的影响相对小一些,湿地出水中出现了一些进水中没有的种类;稳定塘的存在对浮游动物的群落结构变化起到了缓解作用,组合工艺(下行流湿地→兼性塘)的作用效果较弱;下行流→上行流湿地→推流床湿地和下行流湿地→推流床湿地的作用效果较强,对浮游动物的影响较大. 相似文献
999.
底泥疏浚对竺山湖底栖生物群落结构变化及水质影响 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
结合2008年年底在竺山湖进行的底泥清淤工程,调查了底泥疏浚6个月后对大型底栖动物的群落结构的影响及水质变化.结果表明,疏浚区和未疏浚区底栖动物均以霍普水丝蚓、摇蚊和铜锈环棱螺3种生物为主;同未疏浚区相比,疏浚后生物多样性降低,但生物量增加.受外源污染影响,上覆水体中TN、TP含量变化幅度分别为1.64~4.45mg/L和0.133~0.258mg/L,较高的水体营养盐含量,使得疏浚后的新生底泥仍处于营养盐较高的状态,从而使得底栖动物群落组成以生活于污染较重的物种为主.采用Shannon-Weaver、Simpson和Goodnight指数对底栖生物进行评价,结果表明疏浚区处于中度污染,未疏浚区处于中-重度污染状态.结合底栖动物调查和水质监测结果,只有在严格控制外源污染对水体的影响后,底泥疏浚才能起到应有的作用. 相似文献
1000.