Analysis of a solar photovoltaic-assisted absorption refrigeration system for domestic air conditioning

Theoretical model of a solar photovoltaic integrated water-Lithium bromide absorption system is presented for domestic air conditioning. Surplus electrical energy from photovoltaic modules is used for charging the battery, which is utilized during the periods of zero or insufficient solar radiation. Minimum solar area required for each month is calculated and October is identified as the month requiring the highest area of photovoltaic arrays for a constant cooling load of 3.5 kW. The integrated system is found to be capable of sufficient amount of surplus electrical energy generation during both summer and winter months, with a daily excess of about 815 Ah of electrical energy on average over a complete calendar year. Designed system is found to be economically viable, having an energy payback period of 2.7 years.     

基于半焦的污泥调质与深度浓缩脱水

半焦具有孔隙发达、比表面积大、疏水性能强、热值高等特点,采用污泥重力浓缩脱水实验法考察了半焦投加量、粒度对污泥调质与浓缩脱水效果的影响.通过扫描电镜、红外光谱等现代分析手段探讨了基于半焦的污泥调质与深度浓缩脱水的机理.结果表明,当半焦粒度≤425 μm、半焦投加量为2.5 g/100 g污泥时,浓缩污泥上清液的浊度、COD、SS分别从污泥调质前的836 NTU、258.2 mg/L、630.1 mg/L降至调质后的14.8 NTU、38.2 mg/L、18.6 mg/L,达到国家污水综合排放二级标准;浓缩污泥的含水率由调质前的91.74％降至调质后83.71％;污泥静置重力浓缩过程中,经半焦调质后的污泥沉降速率明显增加,污泥在前20 min的平均沉降速率由调质前的2.49 mL/min提高至3.48 mL/min;半焦对污泥调质与深度脱水机理主要表现在半焦对污泥的吸附作用及半焦对污泥疏水性能的增强作用.可见,基于半焦的污泥调质不仅能显著地改善污泥的浓缩脱水性能,还能提高污泥的热值,为污泥的能源化利用创造了条件.     

市政污泥深度脱水药剂优化研究简

污泥含水率高影响污泥后续处置。利用化学药剂对污泥进行深度脱水处理可使污泥减量化、稳定化。为提高深度脱水效果,对添加剂进行了种类和添加量的优化研究（石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰;5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%）,另外,还进行了复合投加实验。研究结果表明,石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好;复合添加中,25%石灰+5%粉煤灰,20%石灰+10%粉煤灰,10%石灰+20%粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好。5%的石灰或者工业石灰的添加剂量使干化污泥pH值达到12.25,粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰的添加对干化污泥pH值影响相对要小。     

城市污水厂污泥化学调理深度脱水机理

城市污水厂剩余污泥脱水是当前实际生产中亟待解决的问题。考察了厦门市集美污水厂剩余污泥经FeCl3和CaO,投加量分别为污泥质量分数的0.5%～0.7%和1.0%～1.5%化学调理前后污泥粒度、形态及胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)的变化。结果表明,调理后污泥比阻降低86%,污泥颗粒之间细碎紧密,细菌表面变得粗糙,经板框压滤后含水率低于60%。由三维荧光光谱(three-dimensional emission and excitation matrixs,EEM)光谱分析可知,LB-EPS(loosely bound-EPS)同TB-EPS(Tightly bound-EPS)的荧光峰整体发生红移,出现位于IV区域的色氨酸类蛋白质荧光峰Ex/Em=313/380 nm。FeCl3和CaO的加入一方面破坏了污泥颗粒的细胞结构,使EPS大量溶出,细胞结合水变成表面吸附水;另一方面Fe3+和CaO水解,中和污泥负电荷,通过压缩双电层作用破坏污泥胶体颗粒的稳定,去除表面吸附水,大幅提高了污泥的脱水性能,利于进一步板框压滤脱水。     

Polyelectrolyte Flocculation of Waste Activated Sludge in Decanter Centrifuge Applications: Lab Evaluation by a Centrifugal Compaction Test

Abstract This article introduces a centrifugal compaction (spin tube) test to thoroughly evaluate polyelectrolyte conditioning on lab scale. In contrast to the well-known and widely applied existing tests (e.g., the beaker, the Jar settling, the free drainage, and the [sheared] capillary suction time test), the proposed spin tube test has a clear relation with the dewatering process taking place in a decanter centrifuge. First, based on the theory of centrifugal compaction, the solids stress of separate layers of sludge cake (obtained after spinning sludge in a lab centrifuge) is calculated. Next, the test was applied to assess in the lab the performance of three different polymers by evaluating the obtained sludge dryness. To verify and/or compare the results obtained with the spin tube tests, sheared capillary suction time tests were conducted and floc size distributions were analyzed. Finally, two of the three polymers evaluated in the lab were applied in the industrial sludge dewatering and drying sys...     

Fenton试剂与CPAM联合调理对污泥脱水效果的影响研究

含水率是影响污泥处置效果与成本的重要因素,通过泥饼含水率、上清液COD、蛋白质、多糖质量浓度、污泥粒径等指标,研究了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和Fenton试剂单独及联合调理对污泥脱水效果的影响,初步探讨其调理机制.结果表明,CPAM阳离子度越高,脱水效果越好,且酸性条件有利于改善CPAM的污泥脱水效果.Fenton试剂H2O2投加量越高,污泥脱水效果越好.Fenton试剂与CPAM联合调理时污泥脱水效果更为显著,投加FeSO4=2 g.L-1、H2O2=6 g.L-1,污泥含水率由原泥的85.5%降低至76.7%,再投加CPAM 3 kg.t-1联合调理后污泥含水率降至74.8%.Fenton试剂对胞外聚合物的破解作用使污泥粒径变小,比表面积增大,释放部分的吸附水和内部水;CPAM与Fenton试剂的联合调理,将分散的污泥絮体凝聚,污泥平均粒径由35.16μm增至50.50μm,比表面积由未加入CPAM的0.39 m2.g-1降至0.20 m2.g-1,联合调理对污泥脱水效果的改善作用优于单一絮凝剂调理.     

超声波对剩余污泥化学调理的影响

以污泥脱水性能与沉降性能为指标,研究了超声波预处理对剩余污泥经阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）进行化学调理时污泥减量效果的影响。试验结果表明,单独采用CPAM对剩余污泥进行化学调理时的ρ（最佳添加量）为120 mg.L-1,污泥滤饼含水率为81.2%;单独采用超声波处理剩余污泥时的最佳声能密度为0.04 W.mL-1,此时的滤饼含水率为80.4%。而当在采用CPAM对剩余污泥进行化学调理前先进行超声波预处理后,污泥滤饼含水率降至72.2%。试验结果表明这种联合处理方式不仅使剩余污泥的脱水性能大为改善,并且最佳CPAM投加量降低至60 mg.L-1,最佳超声声能密度降至0.03 W.mL-1,这表明联合处理方法降低了污泥处理成本。     

浅谈烟气调质系统在电厂中降低烟尘排放量的应用

通过烟气调质,来降低烟气温度,同时降低飞灰比电阻,使除尘效率得到提高,电厂周围环境得到保护。该系统的使用在其它电厂也得到应用。     

减排节能电除尘新技术应用研究

2012年中国开始正式实施更加严格的烟尘排放新标准,目前在国内各大火电厂燃煤锅炉排烟温度等工况条件超出设计工艺要求以及除尘设备比收尘面积偏低等情况仍较为普遍,导致新建和现役的许多电除尘器均面临着降低烟尘排放的压力。主要阐述了电除尘器几种先进的节能减排新技术,探讨了在新排放标准下,如何结合各电厂的实际情况,合理运用先进的电除尘组合技术,以取得最大化的节能减排效益。     

强化混凝调理生活剩余污泥脱水研究

化学调理是目前生活剩余污泥预处理的主要方法,而调理剂的选用直接影响到污泥脱水的效果.本章利用不同种类调理剂的优势,通过各种调理剂正交复配组合对生活剩余污泥进行强化混凝脱水试验,发现无机-有机复配调理剂(I-O)脱水效果最佳.同时,使用单一无机调理剂(PC和PS)、单一有机调理剂(PM)和无机-有机复配调理剂(I-O)对...