表面活性剂协同膨润土处理染料废水的研究

文章用两种阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)、氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)与膨润土直接混合,协同处理模拟印染废水。研究了不同配比的CTMAB、CPC和膨润土混合物对靛红染料废水脱色的适宜条件,并与经过这两种表面活性剂改性的有机膨润土脱色效果作对比,初步分析了其作用机理。结果表明:表面活性剂(CTMAB和CPC)用量对脱色效果影响最大;表面活性剂协同膨润土体系的脱色效果明显优于其改性有机土,其中CTMAB混合膨润土体系效果最好,脱色率达99%以上;且表面活性剂混合膨润土体系的脱色效果受pH值和处理时间变化的影响较小,沉降速度快,表现出良好的吸附、脱色、絮凝沉降的协同效应。     

直接大红4BE染料吸附脱色真菌的分离及特性研究

通过梯度富集培养,筛选到一株偶氮染料直接大红4BE吸附脱色真菌HS-DY08,该菌在基础培养基中,30℃、150r/min条件下,24h内对浓度为30mg/L的直接大红4BE的吸附脱色率达92%。脱色液动态扫描结果显示,随着HS-DY08菌株对染料的吸附脱色降解,直接大红4BE的吸收峰(526nm)明显降低,中间产物(325nm)的吸收峰逐渐升高,且染料吸附过程中菌体生长量增加,表明菌株对染料的吸附脱色过程中伴随着对染料的生物降解和利用。不同的共基质底物对直接大红4BE吸附脱色能力的促进作用依次为:PDB>葡萄糖>蛋白胨>NH4Cl。结合形态特征及显微观察结果,初步鉴定HS-DY08为青霉属(Pemnicillium sp.)。     

红芝所产漆酶对蒽醌染料的脱色研究

以红芝Ganoderma lucidum发酵所得漆酶粗酶液对蒽醌染料进行脱色实验,分别考察了反应时间、染料浓度、温度、pH、转速等条件对蒽醌染料脱色的影响。结果表明,红芝漆酶粗酶液对蒽醌染料具有很好的脱色效果,脱色的适宜条件为:染料浓度150mg/L、反应温度40℃、pH值3.5。在上述条件下反应8h,蒽醌染料脱色率可达90%左右,摇床转速对染料脱色影响不大。     

pH对海绵铁过滤柱预处理染色废水的影响

通过滤柱考察了进水pH变化对海绵铁预处理染色废水的影响。研究结果表明,在pH为6、7、8、10时,过滤周期内脱色率都高于94%,出水pH大于7。与pH=6、7、8对比可知,在pH=10时,水头损失小,周期产水量高,出水含铁量低。海绵铁过滤柱活化后脱色率、周期产水量与活化前基本相同,出水pH比活化前低,出水铁含量相对较高。同时,通过扫描电镜图发现过滤柱内海绵铁腐蚀程度从上至下逐渐变小。     

混凝法深度处理焦化废水的研究

针对焦化厂二级生化出水CODcr、色度不达标问题,研究采用PAC和PFS对焦化厂二级生化出水进行深度处理研究。研究确定了各混凝剂的最佳投药量和最适pH值,对比了各混凝剂在最佳混凝条件下的处理效果,以及在最佳投药量条件下最佳pH值。结果表明：PAC最佳投药量为6g/L,PFS最佳投药量为5.5g/L;在最佳投药量的条件下,对CODcr去除较好的是PAC,去除率为44.83%;对色度去除率两者相同,都为80%;二者最佳pH值均为7。     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill effluent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization ( 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill effluent.     

Decolorization of molasses melanoidins and palm oil mill e uent phenolic compounds by fermentative lactic acid bacteria

Lactobacillus plantarum SF5.6 is one of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has the highest ability of molasses melanoidin (MM) decolorization among the 2114 strains of LAB. The strains were isolated from spoilage, pickle fruit and vegetable, soil and sludge from the wastewater treatment system by using technical step of enrichment, primary screening and secondary screening. This LAB strain SF5.6 was identified by 16S rDNA analysis and carbohydrate fermentation (API 50 CH). The top five LAB strains having high MM decolorization (> 55%), namely TBSF5.8-1, TBSF2.1-1, TBSF2.1, FF4A and SF5.6 were selected to determine the optimal condition. It was found that the temperature at 30°C under facultative conditions in GPY-MM medium (0.5% glucose, 0.1% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% sodium acetate, 0.05% MgSO4 and 0.005% MnCl2 in MM solution at pH 6) giving a high microbial growth and MM decolorization for all five strains. It was noticed that the decolorization of MM by LAB strains might be cell growth associated. L. plantarum SF5.6 grew rapidly within one day while the other strains took 2–3 days. This L. plantarum SF5.6 could rapidly decolorize MM to 60.91% without any lag phase, and it also had the ability to remove 34.00% phenolic compounds and 15.88% color from treated palm oil mill e uent.     

生物阴极型微生物燃料电池同步降解偶氮染料与产电性能研究

构建了生物阴极型微生物燃料电池(BCMFC),研究了以葡萄糖-偶氮染料(活性艳红X-3B)为共基质条件下,BCMFC产电性能及偶氮染料的降解特性.结果表明,电能的产生源于BCMFC对葡萄糖的降解,共代谢下活性艳红X-3B的(ABRX3B)的生物降解是主要的脱色机理.当葡萄糖初始浓度为500mg·L-1(以COD计),ABRX3B浓度低于300 mg·L-1时,功率密度维持50.7 mW·m-2,最终脱色率在94.4%以上,而ABRX3B浓度的进一步提高对BCMFC产电会产生抑制作用.阳极液的COD去除率和UV-Vis光谱表明,ABRX3B的降解过程中,有中间产物的积累.共基质条件下,BCMFC可成功实现同步电能输出和高效脱色.     

Enterobacter sp.CV-v对孔雀石绿的脱色特性及机理研究

采用单因素实验研究了各种操作因素对菌株Enterobacter sp.CV-v降解孔雀石绿的影响.结果表明,在供试碳源中,葡萄糖对脱色的促进效果最为显著,而供试氮源中,酵母粉对脱色的促进效果最优;同时,供试金属离子中,锰离子对脱色的促进效果最优.在p H=3.0~10.0、温度20~50℃之间时,菌株CV-v对孔雀石绿的12 h脱色率在90%以上.此外,该菌株可在6 h内完全脱色浓度低于500 mg·L-1的孔雀石绿.动力学实验结果表明,该菌株对孔雀石绿脱色的动力学数据与一级动力学模型拟合度最好(R2=0.9755).酶分析实验结果表明,锰过氧化物酶和孔雀石绿还原酶可能与菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿相关.此外,代谢产物分析实验结果表明,菌株CV-v降解孔雀石绿的主要产物为二甲氨基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯铵.     

周期换向电凝聚法处理活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水研究

分别采用铝和铁板作为两极,通过周期性改变电流方向使电极钝化和极化现象得以减缓或消失,并实现两极均可溶,利用铝、铁系无机絮凝剂共存时可提高处理效果的特点,对活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水进行处理;通过单因素条件实验,获得了该方法的最佳处理条件。利用紫外-可见光分光光度法和飞行质谱等手段对废水处理过程的脱色反应机理进行了分析。研究表明:最佳条件下,采用周期换向电凝聚法处理活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水30 min,可使模拟废水脱色率达到98%以上,COD去除率可达77%以上;处理过程中除大部分染料分子直接被电凝聚气浮或沉降导致脱色外,部分活性嫩黄X-6G染料分子在电解作用下首先断裂成不同结构的中间体,含有双键的中间体再发生加氢或氧化反应,使双键结构遭到破坏而脱色。