厌氧-好氧-物化工艺处理淀粉废水的工程实例

文章介绍了厌氧-好氧-物化工艺在处理淀粉废水中的应用,并给出了主要构筑物的设计参数,工程运行结果表明,在进水COD、BOD5、SS分别为12860mg/L、6400mg/L、3260mg/L的条件下,该系统的COD、BOD5、SS去除率均在99%以上,具有处理设施运行稳定,处理效果好等特点,系统出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准,产生的沼气可作辅助燃料,沉淀的黄浆可外卖,具有良好的环境效益和社会经济效益。     

强化EGSB-好氧组合工艺处理马铃薯淀粉废水研究

马铃薯淀粉废水具有处理难度大、有机污染物浓度高等特点,属于高难度有机废水。为了有效的解决马铃薯淀粉废水造成的环境污染问题,采用强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床组合好氧工艺对有机污染物质和氨氮的去除效能进行研究。研究结果表明-强化厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床在最佳运行工况条件下(进水温度为30℃、外回流比为2和水力停留时间24 h),组合工艺出水COD质量浓度和氨氮浓度分别在92.35 mg/L和10.28 mg/L左右,去除率分别在98.85%和86.29%左右,出水水质能够满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)二级标准,说明该工艺是一种适用于马铃薯淀粉废水的处理技术。     

淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的水解特性及絮凝性能研究

研究了淀粉-接枝-聚丙烯酰胺(St-g-PAM)的水解特性及其絮凝处理效能,并与相近分子量阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺产品作比较.结果表明,无论单独使用还是与无机絮凝剂复配使用,阴离子型淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的处理效果均优于阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺;淀粉-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的水解度大于1 7%时水解度对絮凝处理效果的影响不大,且絮凝处理效果均很好,而聚丙烯酰胺的最佳水解度为30%,大于或小于该值絮凝处理效果都会明显变差.     

Synthesis of lignin-based copolymer LSAA and the application on controlling non-point source pollution (NPS) resulted from surface runoff

In this article, alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin, starch, acrylamide and acrylic acid). Its practical application effect and environmental safety were studied. The results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and pollutants. The runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00% and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were reduced by 17.78%-62.14%, 26.32%-59.91%, 26.67%-42.86%, and 22.18%-52.78%, respectively. Tests on its environmental safety showed that LSAA did no harm the soil. Compared with polyacrylamide (PAM), a dominant product in this field, LSAA exhibited similar effects and cheap cost. Thus, this study not only created a new product for controlling runoff water quality but also offered a beneficial application for industrial paper waste.     

清洁生产审核在淀粉企业的应用

清洁生产是企业可持续发展的必由之路,清洁生产审核是企业实现清洁生产最成熟最有效的手段。在对某淀粉企业进行清洁生产审核中,针对行业特点,结合企业自身情况,提出并实施无／低费方案20项,中／高费方案5项。取得了良好的效益,在改善厂区环境的同时,每年可节水64500吨,节电约31万度,减少废水排放48000吨。该企业初步实现了在提高企业自身资源回收利用能力的同时,达到经济、环境和社会效益的统一,为淀粉企业今后的清洁生产审核积累了经验。     

淀粉废水处理系统中活性污泥的微生物群落结构及多样性分析

为探究淀粉废水处理活性污泥中微生物的群落结构及多样性,基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法,分析了不同运行阶段的A/O处理系统中活性污泥的微生物群落与多样性组成.结果表明,A/O系统中处理淀粉生产废水的活性污泥在同一种废水下微生物群落结构总体比较稳定,优势细菌主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)等;最重要优势细菌类群为变形菌门(45. 66%～66. 30%),其中γ-亚纲细菌是其主要成员,占比36. 38%～66. 65%.优势拟杆菌门主要成员鞘脂杆菌纲在污泥沉降性能较好时其占比下降,但绿弯菌门主要成员厌氧绳菌纲在污泥沉降性能较好时其占比明显增加,变化趋势正好相反,或许它们二者之间的耦合变化与污泥沉降性能变化密切相关.活性污泥样品中存在大量特殊功能菌群,它们在活性污泥的污染物分解和氮磷去除中发挥重要作用.     

絮凝沉降法处理含油废水的絮凝优化复配研究

气浮法是含油废水处理的常用方法,但该法工艺复杂,操作要求高.乌鲁木齐铁路局哈密机务段用气浮法处理含油废水,使用的聚合氯化铝-聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂配方的效率及安全性欠佳,为此提出了用聚乙烯亚胺-活化硅酸-可溶性淀粉3种絮凝剂复配投加的絮凝沉降法.研究表明,本法可使废水中油的去除率达到93.9%,COD去除率达82.2%,浊度去除率达92.3%,具有去除效率高、无毒安全和处理成本低的优点,有望取代原有方法及药剂配方,具有推广应用价值.     

UASB-CASS-混凝法处理淀粉废水的工艺

采用UASB-CASS-混凝法处理淀粉废水.处理结果证明该工艺投资省、运行费用较低,而且可以产生可供利用的沼气,处理后的废水达标排放,获得了较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Extruded Cornstarch-Glycerol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends: Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Biodegradability

Elongation properties of extruded cornstarch were improved by blending with glycerol. Further blending of starch-glycerol with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resulted in significant improvements in both tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break. Samples of starch-glycerol without PVOH equilibrated at 50% relative humidity had a TS of 1.8 MPa and elongation of 113%, whereas those containing PVOH had a TS and elongation of 4 MPa and 150%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of starch-glycerol-PVOH blends showed that decreases in glass transition temperatures (T _g values) were proportional to glycerol content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fractured surfaces revealed numerous cracks in starch-glycerol (80:20) samples. Cracks were absent in starch-glycerol (70:30) samples. In both blends, many starch granules were exposed at the surface. No exposed starch granules were visible in blends with added PVOH. Starch-glycerol samples incubated in compost lost up to 70% of their dry weight within 22 days. Addition of PVOH lowered both the rate and extent of biodegradation.     

淀粉聚乙烯膜在受控条件下的好氧生物降解

采用土埋、真菌生长和 CO₂ 释放试验分别测定了几种淀粉聚乙烯膜的生物降解性 .试验结果表明 ,膜的生物降解性与膜中的淀粉含量正相关 ,并受膜比面积大小的影响 .在受控条件下 ,含淀粉 6%～ 30 %的膜经 28d降解后 ,降解质量变化率在0.6%～ 12.4%范围内 ,其 CO₂ 释放量为 0.02～ 0.15mg/mg膜 .膜中的聚乙烯组分不仅本身难被生物降解 ,而且还抑制微生物对其淀粉组分的降解 .CO₂ 是淀粉聚乙烯膜好氧生物降解的终产物 ,可以作为评估膜生物降解性的一个可靠指标 .