Physical state and biodegradation behavior of starch-polycaprolactone systems

The biodegradation behavior of insoluble crystalline polymers depends on both chemical structure and physical state. The physical state is strongly affected by the molding conditions; moreover the presence of natural hydrophylic substances such as starch can further influence the biodegradation process. This paper examines the biotic and abiotic degradation of thick injection-molded parts, made of pure poly--caprolactone (PCL) at different molecular weights, and of PCL in the presence of starch in the case of a commercial grade of Mater-Bi, produced by Novamont. The abiotic degradation was studied at 25 and 50°C, whereas the biotic degradation was followed in conditions of SCAS (semicontinuous activated sludges) at 25 and 50°C, soil burial, and controlled composting. The physical-chemical modifications provoked at the surface and in the bulk of the samples by the different types of degradation were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, viscometric and gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical modifications induced by the different environments were followed by tensile tests. It was demonstrated that the presence of starch significantly increases the apparent biodegradation rate of PCL, making even thick parts of ZI01U compatible with the composting process.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.     

天然高分子絮凝剂及其在水处理的应用

天然高分子絮凝剂具有传统絮凝剂和其他合成聚合物不具备的优点,现已得到国内外的广泛重视。概括了以淀粉、壳聚糖、木质素和植物胶为原料改性而成的天然高分子有机絮凝剂的研究与应用概况,并对它们在废水处理中的应用和发展进行了综述。     

淀粉废水处理工艺选择

针对淀粉废水的特性 ,通过大量实验 ,提出合理的处理工艺 ,在实际运行中取得了较好的处理效果 ,节省了占地和建设投资     

厌氧-好氧生化处理淀粉废水的工程应用

通过邳州市奋达淀粉有限公司的工程实例,介绍了厌氧-好氧生化处理工艺在处理淀粉生产废水中的应用.该工艺具有处理设施运行稳定,处理效果好的优点,系统出水水质满足《污水排放标准》一级标准要求.     

聚乙烯可环境消纳塑料的生物降解性能研究

采用生物活性剂对无机粉体进行表面处理,利用碱性无机材料的吸水性能制备出含少量淀粉和碱性无机材料的光钙型可环境消纳聚乙烯制品,通过力学性能、ASTM生物降解性能和卫生性能等分析,结果表明,该制品达到了HJBZ12-2000标准中规定的包装制品的标准要求和生物降解率的技术要求.     

淀粉聚乙燃膜在受控条件下的好氧生物降物

采用土埋、真菌生长和ＣＯ２释放试验分别测定了几咱淀粉聚乙烯膜的生物降解性。试验结果表明，膜的生物降解性与膜中的淀粉含量正相关，并受膜比面积大小的影响。在受控条件下，含淀粉６％～３０％的经２８ｄ降解后，降解质量变化率在０．６％～１２．４％范围内，其ＣＯ２释放量为０．０２～０．１５ｍｇ／ｍｇ膜，中的聚乙烯组分不仅本身难被生物降解，而且还抑制微生物对其淀粉组分的降解。ＣＯ２是淀粉聚乙烯膜好氧生物降解的降     

外部条件对玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸特性的影响

为了探明外部条件对玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸特性参数的影响,利用20 L球形爆炸装置进行试验测试,探讨了点火能量及粉尘含水量对粉尘爆炸特性的影响,对比研究了CaCO_3和Al(OH)_3两种惰性介质的抑爆效果。结果表明:随点火能量增加,粉尘最大爆炸压力和最大升压速率呈线性上升,在高质量浓度下,粉尘爆炸压力受点火能量的影响更显著;添加CaCO_3和Al(OH)_3能够降低玉米淀粉的爆炸压力,相对于CaCO_3的物理抑爆,Al(OH)_3的物理-化学抑爆效果更佳;玉米淀粉粉尘的最大爆炸压力及爆炸升压速率随粉尘含水量降低而不断增大。     

OLR对ABR沿程格室甲烷发酵特征的影响

为高效处理玉米淀粉生产废水,启动并持续运行了一个四格室厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）,通过分阶段提升进水COD的方法,探讨了有机负荷率（OLR）对ABR运行效能的影响,并采用间歇培养方式考察了OLR对沿程格室中不同营养类型产甲烷菌群活性的影响.结果表明,在OLR分阶段从2.7提高到8.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1的过程中,ABR前两个格室（C1和C2）始终呈现出典型的产酸发酵特征,其污泥的有机挥发酸（VFAs）比产率为0.54~0.76 kg·kg^-1·d^-1（以每天每千克MLVSS产出的1千克有机挥发酸计,下同）,而后两个格室（C3和C4）则表现出典型的产甲烷特征,其污泥的比产甲烷速率达98 L·kg^-1·d^-1（以每天每千克MLVSS产出的1升甲烷计,下同）以上.活性污泥产甲烷活性测试结果表明,当OLR为2.7~8.0 kg·m^-3·d^-1时,C3中的氢营养型产甲烷菌群保持了较高的产甲烷活性,其最大甲烷产量（P_max）和最大比产甲烷速率分别达到了20.4 mL和16.5 mL·g^-1·h^-1（以每小时每克MLVSS产出的1毫升甲烷计,下同）以上.乙酸营养型产甲烷菌群的累计甲烷产量由大到小依次为：C3 > C4 > C1 > C2.经过144 h的培养后,C3中乙酸营养型产甲烷菌群的累计甲烷产量为15.1~15.2 mL,最大比产甲烷速率为10.0~10.8 mL·g^-1·h^-1.     

淀粉稳定Fe3O4纳米粒子对水中As(V)的吸附特性研究

以可溶性淀粉作为稳定剂制备纳米Fe_3O_4粒子,探讨了反应时间、p H值、初始砷浓度和腐殖酸对Fe_3O_4纳米粒子吸附水体中As(V)的吸附效果影响.实验结果表明,淀粉稳定的Fe_3O_4纳米粒子对水体中As(V)的吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型;吸附容量随着溶液p H的增加逐渐降低,在p H为8.0的弱碱性水体中对As(V)的最大吸附容量可达202.56 mg·g~(-1);此外,腐殖酸(HA)能降低纳米粒子对As(V)的吸附能力.     

Effect of algal flocculation on dissolved organic matters using cationic starch modified soils

Modified soils(MSs) are being increasingly used as geo-engineering materials for the sedimentation removal of cyanobacterial blooms. Cationic starch(CS) has been tested as an effective soil modifier, but little is known about its potential impacts on the treated water.This study investigated dissolved organic matters in the bloom water after algal removal using cationic starch modified soils(CS-MSs). Results showed that the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) could be decreased by CS-MS flocculation and the use of higher charge density CS yielded a greater DOC reduction. When CS with the charge density of 0.052, 0.102 and0.293 meq/g were used, DOC was decreased from 3.4 to 3.0, 2.3 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively.The excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and UV254 analysis indicated that CS-MS exhibits an ability to remove some soluble organics, which contributed to the DOC reduction. However, the use of low charge density CS posed a potential risk of DOC increase due to the high CS loading for effective algal removal. When CS with the charge density of 0.044 meq/g was used, DOC was increased from 3.4 to 3.9 mg/L. This study suggested, when CS-MS is used for cyanobacterial bloom removal, the content of dissolved organic matters in the treated water can be controlled by optimizing the charge density of CS. For the settled organic matters, other measures(e.g., capping treatments using oxygen loaded materials) should be jointly applied after algal flocculation.