Nanocatalyzed biodiesel synthesis from the oily contents of Marine brown alga Dictyota dichotoma

This research article demonstrates biodiesel synthesis through the methanolysis of the oily contents (4.02 ± 0.27% w/w on dried basis) of Dictyota dichotoma collected from the coast of Hawksbay, Pakistan. The metal oxides (CaO, MgO, ZnO, and TiO₂) used as nanocatalysts were refluxed (5% K₂SO₄), calcinated (850 °C) and characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which produced 93.2% w/w FAME (biodiesel) at relatively mild condition (5% catalyst, 65 °C, 3 h, 18:1 molar ratio) using CaO. Whereas, MgO, ZnO, and TiO₂ produced 92.4%, 72.5%, and 31.8% w/w FAME, respectively at elevated condition (225 °C). Thus, CaO was considered to be the best catalyst among the others. This tri-phase reaction require continuous fast mixing and the yield depends on the reaction parameters like catalyst amount, temperature, reaction time and molar ratio (methanol: oil). The reusability of these heterogeneous catalysts simplified the purification step, reduced the waste generation and make the final product technically and economically viable.     

Bibliometric analysis of simulated driving research from 1997 to 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the evolution footprints of simulated driving research in the past 20 years through rigorous and systematic bibliometric analysis, to provide insights regarding when and where the research was performed and by whom and how the mainstream content evolved over the years.

Methods: The analysis began with data retrieval in Web of Science with defined search terms related to simulated driving. BibExcel and CiteSpace were employed to conduct the performance analysis and co-citation network analysis; that is, probe of the performance of institutes, journals, authors, and research hotspots.

Results: A total of 3,766 documents were filtered out and presented an exponential growth from 1997 to 2016. The United States contributed the most publications as well as international collaborations followed by Germany and China. In addition, several universities in The Netherlands and the United States dominated the list of contributing institutes. The leading journals were in transportation and ergonomics. The leading researchers were also recognized among the 8,721 contributing authors, such as J. D. Lee, D. L. Fisher, J. H. Kim, and K. A. Brookhuis. Finally, the co-citation analysis illuminated the evolution of simulated driving research that covered the following topics roughly in chronological order: task-induced stress, drivers with neurological disorders, alertness and sleepiness while driving, trust toward driving assistance systems, driver distraction, the effect of drug use, the validity of simulators, and automated driving.

Conclusions: This article employed bibliometric tools to probe the contributing countries, institutes, journals, authors, and mainstream hotspots of simulated driving research in the past 20 years. A systematic bibliometric analysis of this field will help researchers realize the panorama of global simulated driving and establish future research directions.     

电—袋复合除尘器捕集微细粒子的理论浅析

依据袋式除尘器的捕集机理,定性分析了静电力对增强电—袋复合除尘器捕集亚微米微细粒子能力以及降低袋式除尘器压力损失的影响,为进一步研究电—袋复合除尘器过滤机制提供参考。     

用Corioli力讨论台湾南投7．6级大震的余震强度

台湾南投大震是震源地方一个逆掩断层错动引起的，上盘向西错动，这种断层错动的形式其Corioli力效应是使两断层盘相互挤压，因之主震发生时能量释放不彻底，余震强度较大，本文试图用Ｃorioli力效应具体讨论台湾南投大震的余震强度。     

铝合金-丁腈橡胶航空带垫卡箍典型环境损伤研究

目的研究典型环境对丁腈橡胶-铝合金带垫卡箍的损伤效应。方法通过模拟铝合金-丁腈橡胶航空带垫卡箍使用时的装配结构和应力状态,应用GJB 150A—2009中的湿热和太阳辐射两种典型老化环境,采用宏观形貌观察、卡箍保持力测试和橡胶衬垫拉伸性能测试方法,结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱技术,分析带垫卡箍的性能劣化过程。结果带垫卡箍在湿热和太阳辐射环境中老化50 d后,卡箍橡胶衬垫表面出现大量微孔缺陷,拉伸性能大幅降低,导致卡箍保持力分别下降了35%和51%。结论带垫卡箍在模拟装配状态下进行湿热和太阳辐射环境暴露实验,卡箍橡胶衬垫内部结构由致密逐渐变得疏松,部分碳碳双键发生氧化交联反应,并在一定程度上提高了聚合物的交联密度,材料硬度提高,回弹性能减弱,橡胶衬垫对芯轴的包裹能力降低,导致卡箍保持力性能降低。     

阿哈水库叶绿素a时空分布特征及其与藻类、环境因子的关系

为了解阿哈水库叶绿素a(Chl-a)时空分布特征及其与藻类、环境因子的关系,于2012年枯水期至2013年平水期、丰水期对藻类与理化指标进行分层采样.结果表明Chl-a季节变化明显,与藻类生物量季节变化较为一致,而与丰度差别较大,平水期发生甲藻水华,浓度最高(91μg·L~(-1)),枯水期与丰水期相对较低,分别为8μg·L~(-1)与16μg·L~(-1).枯水期与丰水期水体表层Chl-a浓度略高于中、底层,表层光照、溶解氧相对充足,利于藻类生长;平水期表层Chl-a浓度远高于中、底层,易在表层聚集的甲藻水华是主要原因.大坝Chl-a浓度高于库中,这可能是大坝位于金钟河入库口,营养盐高于库中的缘故.相关性分析得出Chl-a与甲藻门呈极显著正相关(R=0.798,P0.01);Chl-a与TP、DO、pH呈极显著正相关(R=0.762,P0.01;R=0.792,P0.01;R=0.658,P0.01),与TN显著正相关(R=0.388,P0.05)与N/P、NO_3~--N显著负相关(R=-0.37,P0.05;R=-0.435,P0.05).逐步回归分析得出DO、TP、N/P为影响阿哈水库Chl-a分布的主要因子.此外热分层以及水温对Chl-a的影响也不容忽视.     

企业环境管理中政府和企业作用分析

我国的经济发展伴随着日益严重的环境问题。在引起环境问题的诸多因素中,来自企业方面的因素对环境的影响最为深远,因此改善环境首先就需要加强企业的环境管理。在推动企业进行环境管理的各种因素中,既有如政府的管制等外部因素,也有如减少成本、产品差异化等企业自身内部因素。外部因素和内部因素对推动企业环境管理都具有重要作用,但也有其局限性。本文通过政府管制及企业自身因素对驱动企业进行环境管理的作用机制的研究,分析各个驱动因素优缺点,寻求各驱动因素的最佳的组合,促使企业更好地加强环境管理。     

抗滑桩细观受力特征的数值模拟研究

抗滑桩是滑坡防治工程中一种非常有效的支挡措施,其受力特征直接关系到滑坡防治效果,因此开展抗滑桩细观受力特征的数值模拟研究具有重要的工程应用价值。基于有限元数值模拟方法,采用ANSYS软件中的分离式模型,以SOLID65单元和LINK8单元分别模拟钢筋混凝土抗滑桩中的混凝土和钢筋,研究了不同荷载作用下抗滑桩的细观受力特征。结果表明:在相同荷载作用下,抗滑桩在高度较小阶段,其高度与抗滑桩的变形呈非线性变化,随着抗滑桩高度的增加,其高度与抗滑桩的变形趋于线性关系;有限元数值模拟能较好地反映钢筋混凝土抗滑桩的细观受力特征。该研究可以为抗滑桩工程的设计提供借鉴与参考。     

Scale-up modeling of the twin roll casting process for AZ31 magnesium alloy

In the present study, a 2-D finite-element method (FEM) thermal-fluid-stress model has been developed and validated for the twin roll casting (TRC) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The model was then used to quantify how the thermo-mechanical history experienced by the strip during TRC would change as the equipment was scaled up from a laboratory size (roll diameter = 355 mm) to a pilot scale (roll diameter = 600 mm) and to an industrial scale (roll diameter = 1150 mm) machine. The model predictions showed that the thermal history and solidification cooling rate experienced by the strip are not affected significantly by caster scale-up. However, the mechanical history experienced by the strip did change remarkably depending on the roll diameters. Casting with bigger rolls led to the development of higher stress levels at the strip surface. The roll separating force/mm width of strip was also predicted to increase significantly when the TRC was scaled to larger sizes. Using the model predicted results, the effect of both casting speed and roll diameter was integrated into an empirical equation to predict the exit temperature and the roll separating force for AZ31. Using this approach, a TRC process map was generated for AZ31 which included roll diameter and casting speed.     

储油罐区防火堤受力情况分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对防火堤受液态物质冲击时受力状况进行模拟,并对防火堤在冲击载荷下的受力情况进行了分析,指出防火堤在事故状态下的脆弱部分,对油库的安全设计、评价和日常维护具有参考价值。