压力渗流润湿煤体的实验研究

采用纯水和粘尘剂溶液,对不同煤质的压力渗流特性进行了研究。结果表明,煤体的层理方向和溶液的力学特性对压力渗流润湿煤体的效果影响很大,在中、低压力下,纯水的压力渗流湿润煤体的效果远不能满足煤层注水的要求,注水中添加粘尘剂等改变水的表面张力的物质,可大为提高相同压力注水润湿效果。     

太湖梅梁湾有色可溶性有机物的光化学降解

经0.22μm孔径过滤的太湖梅梁湾水样在UV-B辐射的照射下,有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)吸收和荧光强度明显下降,且与UV-B光源距离、辐射时间及辐射剂量呈正相关关系.拟合结果表明,CDOM吸收系数和荧光值的下降随时间符合一阶动力学方程,距光源5,15,25,35,45cm处时,CDOM吸收系数[a(280)]光化学降解的一阶动力学常数分别为0.0156,0.0116,0.0060,0.0051,0.0029;对应的荧光值F_n(355)的一阶动力学常数分别为0.0256,0.0198,0.0141,0.0102,0.0055.CDOM光化学降解过程中吸收系数与定标后的荧光值存在显著的正相关.实验结果用于野外情况可以推导出太湖表层水体中CDOM在夏季也会发生明显的光化学降解.     

湿式烟气脱硫中石灰石反应活性

在分析选自国内不同地区天然石灰石化学组成的基础上,对具有不同CaCO₃含量的石灰石进行了孔结构表征,并采用硫酸滴定法和气液吸收法,考察了石灰石的脱硫反应活性.结果表明,石灰石的比表面都在1.8m²/g左右.投加硫酸溶液到石灰石浆液后,浆液pH迅速下降到最低值,随后回升.随着石灰石CaCO₃含量提高或粒径减小,pH回升速率增大.石灰石CaCO₃含量愈高或粒径愈小,气液吸收反应器出口检测到SO₂之前所经历的反应时间愈长,出口SO₂浓度上升愈快.硫酸滴定法与气液吸收法测得的石灰石反应活性具有相同的规律.与颗粒比表面相比,CaCO₃含量对脱硫反应活性的影响更大.当粒径较大时(<300～360目),粒径对石灰石脱硫反应活性的影响较大,反之较小.     

干式消解-原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中部分重金属的探讨

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中的铜、锌、铅、镉、镍等重金属时,采用干式消解法对土壤样品进行处理,即在5 0 0℃加热灰化,然后用酸浸提。其测定结果与国家标准分析方法测定结果无显著性差异,对标准样品测定结果准确。测量过程方便快速。     

Integrated numerical model of nitrogen transportation, absorption and transformation by two-dimension in soil-crop system

A series of simulation experiments of nitrogen transportation, absorption and transformation were conducted, and the different cropping patterns of winter wheat and wastewater irrigation plans were taken into consideration. Based on the experiments, an integrated model of crop growth, roots distribution, water and nitrogen absorption by roots, water and nitrogen movement and transformation in soilcrop system by two-dimension was developed. Parameters and boundary conditions were identified and an effective computing method for optimizing watering and wastewater irrigating plans was provided.     

尿素/高锰酸钾湿法烟气脱氮的试验研究

采用高锰酸钾和尿素配制成不同浓度的吸收溶液,在填有金属鲍尔环的管式吸收反应器中,对模拟烟气进行湿法烟气脱氮的研究。试验结果表明,用尿素和高锰酸钾配制成的吸收液进行湿法烟气脱氮,可以高效地脱除模拟烟气中的氮氧化物,高锰酸钾含量的增加可以显著提高脱氮效率,是决定脱氮效率高低的重要因素,在尿素和高锰酸钾含量分别为5%和0.60g/L时可以达到91.5%的平均脱氮效率;尿素含量、吸收液有效柱高和外加的SO2气体均对脱氮效率产生不同程度的影响。     

太湖北部湖区CDOM光学特性及光降解研究

通过对太湖北部不同湖区2005—2006年4个典型月份水体中有色可溶解性有机物(CDOM)的生物-光学特性进行研究,系统分析了太湖北部湖区水体中CDOM的生物-光学特性和时空分布变异规律,并对CDOM在自然光暴晒下的降解特性进行初步研究. 结果表明,湖水中CDOM的分布,空间上竺山湾>梅梁湾>贡湖湾>大太湖,入湖河道附近要高于其他水面,时间上按冬季到次年秋季逐渐递减;表征CDOM 谱形变化的指数函数S值没有显著性时空差异,冬、春季CDOM吸收系数与ρ(叶绿素a)完全没有相关性,夏、秋季CDOM的空间分布则与ρ(叶绿素a)分布较为一致,吸收系数与ρ(叶绿素a)存在正相关;CDOM定标后的荧光值与其吸收系数在4个月内均存在相对恒定的线性关系;在接受自然光特别是紫外辐射暴晒后,CDOM吸收明显降低,发生显著的光化学降解,其降解过程符合拟一阶动力学衰减反应.      

Concentration effect of trace metals in Jordanian patients of urinary calculi

Due to the increase in the number of urinary calculi disease cases in Jordan, stone samples were collected from patients from various Jordanian hospitals (Princes Basma (PBH), King Abdullah University (KAUH), Al-Basheer (ABH) and Al-Mafraq (AMH)). This study concentrates on the effect of trace metals in patients of urinary calculi. Trace metals were detected in 110 urinary calculi samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) techniques. Of the calculi examined, 21 were pure calcium oxalate (CaOax), 29 were mixed calcium oxalate/uric acid, 23 were mixed calcium oxalate/phosphate (apatite), 25 were phosphate calculi (apatite/struvite), five were mixed calcium oxalate monohydrate/struvite, four were urate calculi (mixed ammonium acid urate/sodium acid urate) and three were pure cystine calculi. The concentration measurement of Ca and other trace metals levels has been found useful in understanding the mechanism of stone formation and in evaluating pathological factors. It has been found that Ca is the main constituent of the urinary calculi, especially those stones composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The concentration of most of the trace metals that were analyzed was (Ca = 48.18, Na = 1.56, K = 0.9, Mg = 3.08, Fe = 1.17, Al = 0.49, Zn = 0.7, Cu = 0.19, Mn = 0.029, P = 10.35, S = 1.88, Sr = 0.306, Mo = 0.2, Cr = 0.146, Co = 0.05, Ni = 0.014)%. In conclusion, metals concentration in Jordanian patient’s urinary calculi samples was higher than its equivalents of other patients’. It has been noted that there is no concentration of toxic trace elements (like Li, V, Pb, Cd, and As). Some heavy metals, however, were detected Mo, Cr, Co and Ni as traces. P and S ions are present in few calculi stones as traces.     

基于光谱学和电化学方法的莠去津毒理作用评价

为探索莠去津对DNA的损伤及其毒性作用机制,采用紫外吸收光谱法、荧光光谱法以及电化学方法研究了莠去津与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用,探讨了二者形成DNA加合物的作用方式.结果表明,莠去津与鲱鱼精DNA作用后,莠去津的紫外光谱呈现减色效应,并有轻微红移现象,而其荧光光谱强度明显增强;循环伏安法显示莠去津与DNA作用能引起莠去津还原电位正移,峰电流减小.以上实验结果表明,莠去津平面分子能够嵌插到DNA双螺旋链中,形成较稳定的加合物.采用电化学方法测得莠去津与鲱鱼精DNA的结合比为1:1,结合常数为1.2×105.该研究为莠去津毒理作用评价提供了一种简便的方法。     

高效液相色谱法在酚类竞争吸附中的应用

本研究采用反相HPLC-紫外检测测定酚类化合物,研究了流动相组成、配比、pH值等因素对酚类分离的影响,建立了测定7种酚类化合物的最佳色谱条件。流动相为50%甲醇-0.03 mol/L HAC-NaAC缓冲溶液,pH4.5,流速1 mL/min,检测波长UV 275 nm。并用于酚类在改性壳聚糖上的竞争吸附测定,具有简便、快速、准确等优点。