Gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities

This article elaborates on and discusses gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities. There are indications that attitudes and behaviour to the environment and climate change are gendered. This evidence together with our own work further indicates that gender awareness is most probably an important influence on how municipalities respond to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how gendered aspects of climate change response are integrated in the Swedish response to climate change. The potential causal relationships between a high level of awareness of the gendered aspects of climate change and the levels of climate change response were investigated. We asked whether there is a positive relationship between gender awareness and the quality of the communities' climate change policies and practice. Indications of such a relationship prompt a change in research priorities – paying more attention to gender – and in subsequent policy developments.     

辽宁省可持续发展能力及调控对策研究

本文从可持续发展能力的内涵出发，分析了建国以来辽宁省可持续发展能力建设的成就与问题，认为辽宁省具有实施可持续发展的社会经济优势，但经济的快速发展是以资源的过度消耗和生态环境的破坏为代价的。并且城市产业结构偏重，区域经济发展很不平衡，城乡二元结构矛盾突出。接着构建了经济、社会和资源环境3大类41项指标，通过层次分析法对辽宁14个地级市可持续发展能力作了区域差异分析，结果表明沈阳、大连属于强可持续发展地区，盘锦、鞍山、本溪和丹东属于较强可持续发展地区，抚顺、锦州、营口、葫芦岛、辽阳属于一般可持续发展地区，铁岭、朝阳、阜新属于弱可持续发展地区。最后提出相应的对策：建立资源节约型的国民经济体系，优化产业结构，调整经济空间布局和保护生态环境。     

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展空间差异的研究

本文以经济、社会和资源环境为基础 ,构建珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的指标体系 ,并用主成分分析法 ,分析和阐述该区可持续发展的空间分异规律。分析结果客观地反映了珠江三角洲经济区的发展现状 ,可为决策管理部门制定可持续发展方案提供参考依据     

The effect of fetal gender on second-trimester maternal serum inhibin-A concentration

Second-trimester serum inhibin-A is increasingly used as a fourth marker in addition to the triple test to screen for Down syndrome. We investigated whether fetal gender had an effect on serum inhibin-A concentration. A retrospective analysis was done on 316 normal pregnancies and 48 Down syndrome pregnancies in which maternal serum inhibin-A assays were performed between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation and in which the fetal sex was known. The median inhibin-A MoM (95% CI) for normal pregnancies in the presence of a male fetus was 0.93 (range 0.88–1.03). This was significantly lower than that in the presence of a female fetus (median MoM=1.04). The gender difference was not observed in the Down syndrome pregnancies. The increased inhibin-A concentration would lead to a 2.3-fold higher false-positive rate in the presence of a female fetus (10.6% vs 4.6%; p<0.05, Chi-square test). Because of the small number of cases studied, the results need to be substantiated by a larger series. If the gender effect is confirmed, adjustment for fetal sex may be necessary when inhibin-A is used as a screening marker. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国湖泊水环境基准的研究进展

中国湖泊污染形势严峻、生态健康效应复杂,亟需适合中国区域特点的水环境基准作为加强污染控制、治理和管理的理论依据,但目前我国湖泊水环境基准的系统研究尚未开展,本文从水环境基准的意义、概念、研究历史、现状和发展趋势等几个方面对中国湖泊水环境基准研究进行了剖析回顾和展望:首先阐述了开展区域性水环境基准研究的迫切性和科学意义,揭示了"科学确定基准"的内涵;然后详细回顾了国内外湖泊水环境基准的研究历史、现状及存在的关键问题,提出了湖泊水环境基准的"三性"原则(科学性、基础性和区域性),指出环境暴露、效应识别和风险评估是基准研究的三个关键环节;最后提出中国湖泊水环境基准的研究方向和发展趋势,本文强调:阐明中国水环境的演变规律和特征,需要开展水环境污染过程和生态毒理效应研究;建立具有我国区域特点的湖泊水环境基准理论、技术和方法体系是面向国际科学前沿和解决中国环境管理重大科技需求的重要任务,它既可推动中国毒理学、生物学、生态学及环境与生物地球化学等学科的发展,又可为湖泊流域的环境管理和污染防治提供技术支撑,整体提升我国环境保护科学研究的水平和国际地位.     

工业化、城市化对耕地数量变化影响差异分析——以江苏省为例

工业化、城市化进程对耕地资源数量变化产生了重要影响,但工业化、城市化对耕地资源数量的影响机制存在差异.以1990～2005年江苏省数据为基础,通过建立向量自回归模型,运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,分析了工业化、城市化对耕地数量变动率影响的差异.结果表明,耕地数量变动率、工业化水平和城市化水平均呈非平稳变动趋势,但工业化、城市化对耕地数量变动率的作用方向不同,工业化对耕地数量变动率产生负效应,城市化则产生正效应.同时,城市化对耕地数量变化的影响大于工业化带来的影响,并且城市化的影响比工业化的影响更为持久.这意味着,江苏省工业化和城市化快速增长时期,城市化是耕地数量变化的首要原因.因此,在当前江苏省工业化与城市化非平衡发展的情况下,合理控制城市化进程,提高城市化质量,对于耕地保护具有积极意义.     

白腐真菌细胞色素P450的诱导及检测方法研究

以CO结合差光谱为基本检测法,研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌中细胞色素P450的诱导和适宜的分离检测方法.结果表明,正己烷对该真菌P450有显著的诱导作用,P450诱导量受正己烷浓度和诱导时间的影响,每小时投加正己烷2μL/mL、诱导6 h可使该真菌微粒体P450比浓度高达140~160 pmol/mg.在此基础上,本研究优化了分离P450时破碎细胞的方法以及光谱法检测P450的条件.破碎细胞时,采用高速分散结合玻璃研磨,比采用玻璃研磨、超声破碎和珠磨等方法分离的微粒体P450含量高1~5倍,是更为适宜的破碎方法.检测CO结合差光谱时,通气和还原条件对P450检测值有显著影响,较适宜的条件为:样品池和对照池分别通入等量的CO和N2,通气流量为3 mL/min(300μL样本),通气时间40 s;通气后投加还原剂低亚硫酸钠,投加浓度为0.4 mol/L.     

基于小波变换和模态曲率差的起重机金属结构损伤识别

属于焊接结构的起重机金属结构受交变载荷的影响,随着使用年限的增加,不可避免地会产生裂纹和腐蚀等损伤,从而引发突发性重大断裂事故。为此,基于结构的振动特性及小波变换理论来研究起重机金属结构的早期损伤识别问题,通过改变局部弹性模量模拟不同损伤工况,分析了起重机主梁在不同损伤工况下的动态响应特性。结果表明,小波变换可明显放大不易察觉的损伤突变,模态曲率差具有较好的损伤识别能力,可为起重机金属结构损伤识别提供新的思路。     

Adaptation of Nitraria sphaerocarpa to wind-blown sand environments at the edge of a desert oasis

This study addresses the adaptation of Nitraria sphaervcarpa to blown sand at the edge of a desert oasis with regard to the aspects of soil seed banks, seedlings, and population. Horizontally, the total number of seeds per unit area decreased from the shrub canopy center to intershrub areas, and most seeds were found under shrub canopies. Vertically, the highest proportion of seeds was found at depths of 5-10 cm. The emergence percentage, seedling mass, and seedling height, which were significantly affected by both burial depth and seed size, were highest at the optimal burial depth of 2 cm, and decreased with increasing burial depth in each seed size-class. Although seedling mass was usually greatest for large seeds and least for small seeds at each burial depth, little difference was observed in seedling height at shallow burial depths of 0-3 cm. The population shows a patchy and discontinuous distribution pattern. Population height increases with increasing sand depth. Also the density increases with increasing depth of sand in the desert; however, there is a steady decrease when the depth of sand is more than 100 cm. This result indicates that the depth of sand that is most suitable for the growth of Nitraria sphaervcarpa is 100 cm. The size of the population is significantly correlated with the sand depth, which increases with increasing depth in the desert.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.