野战弹药储存防热现状及温度指标论证

分析了野战弹药的储存防热现状,论证了野战弹药储存防热的温度指标。通过对火炸药储存性能参数的计算并结合我国的实际气候状况,确定了野战弹药的储存防热指标为环境温度应控制在40℃以下。最后,提出了今后野战弹药储存防热的研究方向。     

Acid deposition critical loads modeling for the simulation of sulfur exceedance and reduction in Guangdong, China

The current acid deposition critical loads in Guangdong, China were calculated using the PROFILE model with a 3 km × 3 km resolution. Calculations were carried out for critical loads of potential acidity, actual acidity, sulfur and nitrogen, with values in extents of 0–3.5, 0–14.0, 0–26.0 and 0–3.5 kmol/(hm2·year), respectively. These values were comparable to previously reported results and reflected the influences of vegetation and soil characteristics on the soil acid buffering capacity. Simulations of S...     

某校区路面径流污染特性和控制措施的研究

以某校区的水体（A水库、B湖）为受纳水体,对降雨产生的路面径流及A水库和B湖水体进行采样,水质分析项目分别为pH、COD（化学需氧量）、SS（悬浮物）、TN（总氮）、TP（总磷）。以COD、SS作为主要的水质分析项目进行比较分析,确定路面降雨径流污染的主要特征,径流污染对校园水库、湖泊水质的影响。经过比较分析,提出采用植被控制法作为该校区路面径流污染控制措施对受纳水体进行保护。     

活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质对吸附硝基苯的影响

通过对活性炭HNO3氧化及随后的N2:气氛中热处理,研究了活性炭性质对其吸附硝基苯性能的影响.以低温液氮(N2/77K)吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容、孔径分布,以SEM观测活性炭表面形貌,以Boehm滴定、FTIR、零电荷点pHpzc测定及元素分析定量表征活性炭表面含氧官能团变化.结果表明, HNO3氧化可以显著改变活性炭表面化学性质,增加活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团数量,对活性炭孔隙结构影响不大.随后N2:气氛中热处理可以造成活性炭表面酸性含氧官能团分解,外表面积增大,微孔烧蚀为中孔.硝基苯在活性炭上的吸附基本符合Langmuir方程,改性后活性炭对硝基苯的吸附容量明显改变, ACNO-T、ACraw、ACNO吸附容量分别为1011.31、483.09、321.54 mg·g-1.较大的外表面积、适宜数量的中孔以及较少的酸性含氧官能团是ACNO-T对硝基苯表现出较高吸附容量的主要原因.     

Experimental investigation of open core downdraft biomass gasifier for food processing industry

This paper deals with field related experience of a low temperature industrial heat application through biomass gasification. The gasification system is essentially consists of an open top down draft reactor lined with ceramic. The experiment reveals that 6.5 kg of liquefy petroleum gas (LPG) is fully replaced by 38 kg of sized wood on hourly basis. The maximum temperature attained was 367°C in 130 min at 100.7 Nm³ h⁻¹ gas flow rate. This system has resulted a saving of about 19.5 tons of LPG over 3,000 h of operation, implying a saving of about 33 tons of CO₂ emission, thus a promising candidate for clean development mechanism. Fuel economic analysis of gasifier system showed that the saving was about 13,850 US$ for 3,000 h of baking operation.     

农业非点源污染田间模型及其应用

非点源污染的负荷定量化研究是控制、评价和管理非点源污染的基础.农业非点源污染负荷估算包括农田排水估算和排水中的污染物浓度预测2个环节.依据水量平衡原理,农田排水应用DRAINMOD模型估算;将农田的施肥和灌溉过程"合成"作为田间污染物浓度的脉冲输入,农田排水中的污染物浓度变化则视作对应于此脉冲输入的响应过程,而污染物在田间的复杂迁移转化过程以逆高斯概率密度函数隐含表达.以此为基础,构建了农田尺度农业非点源污染负荷估算模型.以青铜峡灌区典型试验区为例,对稻田排水沟中硝态氮(NO_3~--N)和总磷(TP)的负荷过程进行了模拟,结果表明,模型估算结果和实测污染物负荷过程非常接近,Nash-Suttcliffe模拟效率系数分别为0.963和0.945,表明该模型具有较高的可靠性.     

Waste‐to‐energy recovery potential: A case study at Jaipur railway station

A study was conducted at the Jaipur railway station in Jaipur, India, to give the perspectives of the actual waste management practices there. Required information was collected from the stakeholders by means of semi‐structured questionnaires, individual and group interviews, and recorded, official data regarding waste generation, collection, transportation, and disposal. Further quantitative and compositional analyses were performed by means of surveys and measurements. Field visits were made for collection of waste samples for quantification and for the study of its management. The field data were compiled and analyzed by sorting the waste into different components. It was found that 1.8 tons of solid waste is collected per day, and a considerable percentage of it comprises paper, plastic, and glass. Excluding the inerts, which are irrelevant from the point of view of energy saving and recovery potential, the average moisture content was found to be 3.38%. From the perspective of life cycle analysis, the option of composting or recycling would give savings of 28.33 gigajoules (GJ) per day over landfilling, while combustion would give savings of 2.97 GJ per day in comparison to landfilling. Analysis based on a compositional model gives a heat value of 8,157.87 kilojoules per kilogram, which amounts to 14.68 GJ of energy per day.     

双向微槽道多孔复合结构沸腾传热研究

目的研究出新型的表面结构,以提高沸腾传热强化。方法在紫铜板上烧结铜粉多孔层,然后利用线切割对多孔层进行开槽。研究槽道参数包括槽数、槽宽、槽间距和槽向等对沸腾传热效果的影响。结果开槽增大了传热的表面积,有利于气体逸出,减少气体的逸出阻力,从而多孔表面开槽强化了沸腾传热效果,传热系数与光滑表面相比可提高2~3倍。与单向微槽道相比,双向交叉槽道有着更好的传热效果,能够形成一个稳定的液体补充和气体逸出网络。结论在多孔表面加工微型复合结构,能够大幅度提高沸腾传热强化。     

环境实验箱气流组织与围护结构耦合传热研究

目的研究环境实验箱在升、降温过程中气流组织与围护结构的耦合传热行为,为环境实验箱制冷/加热能力的确定提供精确的设计方法。方法首先利用UC240环境实验箱搭建实验平台,测量环境箱送风口速度分布,以及升、降温过程中室内及壁面的温度曲线,然后对环境箱进行建模,以实测的送风速度、温度作为边界条件,利用CFD方法进行仿真,最后对比分析实验值与CFD仿真的结果。结果利用CFD方法计算得到的环境箱升、降温曲线与实测值吻合较好,尤其是壁面温度曲线,误差不超过4℃。送风温度可以根据蒸发器理论或加热功率和回风温度而动态地确定。结论利用CFD方法分析环境实验箱气流组织与围护结构的耦合传热是可行的,FLUENT的UDF功能可根据需要扩展,以协助设计蒸发器和控制策略。     

LRM 模块载荷分解方法研究

目的根据综合模块化航空电子设备的特点,研究LRM模块的载荷分解方法。方法通过仿真和试验方法,对LRM模块所承受的温度和振动载荷进行分解,并详细论述两种方法的具体实现过程。结果将模块载荷分解方法成功运用于某工程系统中,验证了方法的有效性。结论 LRM模块的载荷分解方法能够指导其他类似综合模块化航空电子设备的载荷分解,推动LRM模块合理的独立环境试验及交付。