Community Tolerance Comparison As A New and Sensitive Ecotoxicological Tool

The demonstration of an increased tolerance to a pollutant is direct evidence that this pollutant has presented a selection pressure upon a population or community. Recently, pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) has been applied to the benthic community in a metal-enriched estuary to establish causal linkage between observed changes in community structure and composition and the presence of copper. This paper describes the rationale and methodology behind applying PICT to the marine benthic environment, and shows it to be a sensitive ecotoxicological tool. It also presents a case study, demonstrating how a PICT investigation has aided the interpretation of changes in a benthic community, establishing a causal linkage between these changes in the community and the presence of a specific pollutant.     

诱导结晶反应器运行性能研究

以含铜废水为处理对象,将流化床和固定床两种诱导结晶反应器进行对比试验。结果表明:当进水含铜浓度为20 mg/L时,流化床反应器出水含铜量为0～2 mg/L,出水含铜量在0～11 mg/L;利用SEM-EDS可以发现,流化床形成的结晶产物生长致密、晶形明确、产物纯度高,固定床形成的结晶产物在载体表面分布不均、结构疏松,纯度较低。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Bridelia retusa against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity

The aim of present study was to validate hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the bark of Bridelia retusa. The aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa exhibited highest in vitro hepatoprotective effects as evident from the significantly reduced serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) into the incubation medium of rat hepatocytes with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), over the other organic extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate, and methanol). CCl₄ administered through subcutaneous injection produced a marked elevation in the serum levels of GOT, GPT, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and decreased in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and total protein content. The biochemical activities were normalized in the pretreatment of rats induced by CCl₄ with different doses (250 and 500 mg kg^?1) of the aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa. Histopathological changes induced by CCl₄ were also significantly attenuated by aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa treatment. The activity of the aqueous ethanol extract of B. retusa at the dose of 500 mg kg^?1 was comparable to the standard drug, silymarin (25 mg kg^?1). The overall data indicated that B. retusa possesses a potent protective effect against CCl₄-induced hepatic damage and oxidative stress.     

A longitudinal study of mentor and protégé outcomes in formal mentoring relationships

This study examined relationships between mentoring functions offered and transformational leadership as a mentor outcome and affective well‐being and organizational commitment as mutual outcomes for both mentors and protégés. For this examination, we conducted a longitudinal field study by using 111 matched reports from both mentors and protégés collected at three different points in time over seven months in nine Korean companies that administered a standardized formal mentoring program. Study results showed that mentoring functions assessed at Time 2 were positively associated with mentors' and protégés' post‐mentoring outcomes at Time 3 after controlling for pre‐mentoring initial levels of those outcomes at Time 1. Study findings also revealed that relative effects of mentoring on the mentor and protégé outcomes differed by the types of mentoring functions. We discuss the theoretical, practical, and methodological implications from these results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农村合作经济组织发展的制度分析

农村合作经济组织是将农民组织起来进入市场、参与竞争的桥梁和纽带,是新时期推动农村经济发展和提高农民收入的重要因素之一。在制度层面运用新制度经济学理论从实现土地规模经营、节约市场交易费用和维护农民利益等三方面分析了合作组织发育的需求诱致性动因;接着从制度环境状况、现有社会科学知识的积累、现存的制度安排、组织的制度变迁成本、非正式制度安排等外部制度供给方面以及产权和组织制度等组织内部制度方面分析了其存在的缺陷;最后提出了推动合作组织发展的政策建议：其一,只要是以“三农”服务为宗旨,政府在政策上都应允许和指导合作组织灵活地创新产权制度、因地制宜地进行多种形式的组织创新;其二,政府要力所能及地为合作组织提供一些制度服务。     

MOBILE OXYGEN DISPERSION CRAFT1

Water pollution control by effluent treatment becomes increasingly expensive as the degree of treatment is increased. As has previously been demonstrated, instream aeration provides an economical alternative for the higher degrees of treatment. For large, deep, navigable rivers, another alternative may be still more economical, namely, mobile oxygenating craft, using fine bubble diffusers. The propellors in the craft plus its mobility would give important advantages in dispersing the oxygenated water; and one craft could replace a multiplicity of static aeration sites.     

张集矿区沉陷治理

根据张集矿井田开采五年规划,对地表的移动变形预计,得出开采地面建(构)筑物的影响规律治理的基本方法.     

低磷污水的HAP诱导结晶磷回收

为考察羟基磷酸钙（HAP）诱导结晶对低磷污水中PO₄^3--P的回收效果,以污水厂尾水为研究对象,采用方解石为晶种,首先全面对比了HAP诱导结晶与均相结晶的PO₄^3--P去除效果,然后通过改变晶种粒径和投加量,研究了晶种对PO₄^3--P回收的影响,并探讨了结晶反应条件对PO₄^3--P回收和产物晶型的影响.结果表明：HAP诱导结晶除磷效果要优于均相结晶,当结晶体系pH不超过9.0且残余Ca²⁺为100 mg·L^-1时,前者可将PO₄^3--P浓度降至0.5 mg·L^-1左右,后者则为5.0 mg·L^-1左右.构晶离子的扩散过程是HAP诱导结晶的控速步骤,减小晶种粒径和增加晶种投加量有利于构晶离子的扩散,可提高结晶反应速率,进而提高HAP诱导结晶对低磷污水的适应性,使PO₄^3--P回收率得到提高.对PO₄^3--P浓度为1.0 mg·L^-1的模拟废水,晶种投加量为10 g·L^-1、粒径为45 μm、Ca²⁺投加量为50 mg·L^-1和pH=9时,在10 min的反应时间内HAP诱导结晶可获得80%以上的PO₄^3--P回收率,出水PO₄^3--P和pH满足GB 3838—2002的Ⅱ类标准（0.1 mg·L^-1）.实验条件下,HAP诱导结晶产物晶型主要为HAP及其前驱物无定形态羟基磷酸钙（ACP）,产物结晶度随着pH的提高和晶种粒径的减小而提高.     

紫外诱变选育高效降酚微生物

用紫外线作为诱变剂,处理由燕化炼油厂污水厂的活性污泥中驯化筛选得到的降酚菌株,好氧条件筛选出2种高效降酚微生物QH2、QH3,分别为紫外线照射2min和3min。通过正交实验可知,温度对QH2、QH3生长影响有非常显著的意义P<0.01,在30℃时生长良好。应用QH2、QH3菌种处理炼油厂含酚废水,菌种能够有效降解较为复杂的含酚污水,且QH2菌种处理效果最佳。     

15MV医用电子直线加速器感生放射性影响分析

对于电子能量大于10MeV的医用电子直线加速器,每次开机治疗完成后会产生感生放射性,可能对机房工作人员及附近公众产生辐射危害。本文对某医院15MV电子直线加速器运行后感生放射性进行量化,并由此估算可能对周围人员造成的辐射剂量。通过探讨,希望在对加速器产生的感生放射性影响评价时有参考意义。