基于STIRPAT模型的能源消费碳足迹变化及影响因素——以江苏省苏锡常地区为例

定量研究经济社会发展对地区能源消费碳足迹的影响对区域实现低碳发展具有重要意义。论文计算了江苏省苏锡常地区1991-2008年能源消费碳足迹,采用岭回归函数对STIRPAT模型进行了拟合,采用脱钩指数分析了经济发展与能源消费碳足迹之间的关系。结果表明:①1991-2008年能源消费碳足迹平均增长速度为15.30%,能源消费碳足迹分配率以煤炭为主,石油所占比例呈波动下降趋势,天然气所占比例上升较快,能源消费碳足迹产值总体呈波动下降趋势;②经济增长是能源消费碳足迹的主要影响因素,两者关系模型拟合未出现环境库兹涅茨曲线;③经济增长与能源消费碳足迹之间处于相对脱钩与复钩的波动状态,从另一侧面验证了目前两者之间不存在库兹涅茨曲线假说的结论。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

化学品测试合格实验室体系建设与发展

根据《新化学物质环境管理办法》要求,为新化学物质申报目的提供测试数据的境内测试机构,应当为环境保护部公告的化学物质测试机构,并接受环境保护部的监督和检查。拟通过借鉴国际合格实验室规范(GLP)基本原则和国内其他GLP认证工作经验做法,结合环境保护部已开展的检查考核工作和化学品测试实验室实际情况,探讨化学品测试合格实验室的管理现状和存在的问题,旨在为推动我国化学品测试合格实验室体系建设提供新的管理思路。     

硅烷热分解法制取工业硅的影响因素分析

现阶段制备工业硅所用的改良西门子方法存在能耗高和污染重的问题,因此寻求能耗低、环境友好型工业硅制备方法是必然趋势。通过硅烷分解实验对硅烷热分解法制备工业硅的几个影响因素做了分析,并简要讨论了各个因素对硅烷热分解的影响。得出硅烷热分解的最佳条件是硅烷浓度0.25%,载气流量为200 L/h,分解温度850℃,分解压强0.35kPa。在此条件下硅的沉积率89.3%。     

影响工业废水中BOD_5测定因素的分析与研究

采用稀释与接种法测定工业废水中的BOD5,并结合CODcr的测定结果,分析影响BOD5测定的因素如稀释倍数、接种液配比等条件进行试验后,得出了最佳试验条件,从而达到提高测定BOD5准确度的目的。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

新乡市工业“三废”污染及治理措施

以新乡市2006—2012年工业"三废"排放监测数据为依据,通过对城市废水、废气及工业固体废弃物排放情况的分析,找出主要污染特征并提出相关治理对策。     

循环经济工业园区规划环评研究

概括了循环经济工业园区规划环境影响评价的框架思路。归纳总结了规划环评的主要内容,并以山西省长治市襄垣富阳循环经济工业园区为例,对规划环评指标体系的构建进行探讨。     

工业锅炉PM2.5产排特性试验研究

采用荷电低压颗粒撞击器(ELPI)对哈尔滨市两台燃用烟煤的工业锅炉PM2.5排放特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:PM2.5的粒数和质量浓度分布曲线均呈现单峰分布,前者峰值出现在0.12~0.2μm粒径范围内,这部分粒子主要是由无机物气化-凝结形成的亚微米颗粒物和挥发分未完全燃烧形成的炭黑粒子,而后者峰值出现在0.32μm处,粒子主要是由炭黑粒子形成的亚微米颗粒和残灰粒子形成的超微米颗粒.同时发现,旋风除尘和湿法除尘对PM2.5各级颗粒均有一定的去除效果,采用多管旋风和冲击水浴除尘器联合除尘效率比单种水膜除尘器除尘效率高;湿法脱硫系统对PM2.5的脱除也有明显的作用,由于除雾器不能全部去除小雾滴,这些雾滴中固体颗粒被干燥和水溶性物质结晶析出,PM0.32颗粒物粒数浓度有所增加,而PM0.32~2.5的颗粒物粒数浓度有所减少,但总质量浓度降低.     

电化学法处理工业废水的现状与发展研究

随着工业的快速发展,如何对工业废水进行高效处理是我们需要解决的问题。电化学方法反应装置简单,反应效率高,不会产生二次污染。对中国工业废水目前常用的电化学处理技术的进展和应用进行了综述,包括电化学氧化、电化学还原、电絮凝、电渗析等内容,对国内外的研究成果的总结可知,电化学法对工业废水的处理效率较高,有一定的应用前景。同时对电化学法将来的重点研究方向提出了展望。