The Impact on Environmental Kuznets Curve by Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in China

Abstract

Based on data of trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic development and environmental conditions in China's 30 provinces between 1990–2002, this paper deals with the impact on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) of trade and FDI in China. The results show no direct impact on EKC of trade, on the one hand. However, trade contributes significantly to economic growth, and has played a positive role in introducing advanced pollution prevention technology and environmental management methodology to China. Therefore, a proactive trade policy will help solve the environmental pollution problem brought by economic growth. On the other hand, there is a positive correlation between FDI and pollutant emission, which proves that FDI does have some negative influence on environment in China due to hasty introduction of foreign capital and inadequate environmental management system in China.     

China-Indian Silk Trade: Current Production and Future Prospects

Abstract

As an important traditional labor-intensive industry of both India and China, the cocoon silk industry has long made great contributions to the ecological environment protection, rural economic development and the increase in export income of both countries. India is not only a very important cocoon silk trading partner, but an important production competitor of China. In recent years, there has been a large increase in the production and trade of the cocoon silk between China and India; however, China relies heavily on Indian market, which leads to a tendency of further deterioration in the silk trade environment between both countries. The present article makes an empirical study of the cocoon silk resources of the two countries and the scale, product mix and market structure of China–Indian silk trade from 2001 to 2007. Overall silk trading volumes from China to India and market concentration rate are on the increase because of the superiority of Chinese cocoon silk production over that of India. Owing to scattered market share and export that mainly focused on raw materials product, there has been a phenomenon of price reduction and quantity increase. India carries out fierce competition with China in the international market and even imposes antidumping sanction on Chinese silk, which are key factors restricting further increase between China–India trade. Based on the abovementioned facts, the authors aim to put forward suggestions for steadily developing the production and trade of China’s silk.     

Influences of Border Carbon Adjustments on China’s Foreign Trade

Abstract

The EU, the United States and other economies, with the intention to implement unilateral trade measures Border Carbon Adjustments, impose emission reduction pressure on developing countries. Once implemented, the measures will have great impact on China’s foreign trade. Using the input-output table in 2007, this paper had analyzed the influences on China’s foreign trade as a whole and sub-sectors in three tax rates scenarios. The results showed that the tariff level of China’s exports will increase by 3.6%–6.3% if the tax was levied on exports embodied emissions, and by 1.0%–1.7% if levied on export direct emissions. In 2007, the former total amount of carbon tax was about US$42.6–73.0 billion, 4 times that of the latter. Based on export embodied emissions, sectors largely influenced were non-traditional energy intensive ones, such as textile, et al. These sectors should be encouraged to carry out industrial upgrading, raising the value-added of export goods, and reducing their embodied emissions by reduction of energy intensity. Taking into account of the complexity of data collection, the tax levied on products direct emission is more operational. The results showed that the five top sectors most affected were other chemical materials, processing of petroleum and nuclear fuel, coking, smelting and rolling of ferrous metal and textile. Most of them were energy intensive sectors. Therefore, adjusting export products structure, and controlling too fast development of energy intensive industries are also important strategies in China.     

流域生态补偿多元融资的障碍因素、国际经验及体系建构

补偿资金“从何而来”已成为制约流域生态补偿可持续运行的突出问题。“搭便车”诱惑、生态要素产权界定不清以及生态补偿项目本身的局限性阻碍了多元融资,致使流域生态补偿面临内生性资金供应不足与外部性资金支持增长受限的“资金筹措难题”。本文运用案例分析法与归纳法,总结国外生态补偿融资以及补偿资金使用的经验,以此凝练出有益启示。基于中国本土国情,构建起内生性资金供应与外部性资金支持“协同发力”的流域生态补偿多元融资体系已成为必然。通过优化流域生态补偿多元融资的市场化运作环境,明确界定流域生态资源的产权归属,维护多元融资主体的利益诉求,搭建流域生态补偿项目的内生性资金供应链与丰富获取外部性资金支持的融资方式,完善资金使用评估与信用体系建设等具体内容与手段,提供流域生态保护可持续的资金支持。     

“双碳”目标下中国省域碳排放核算分析

对各省域CO₂排放量进行核算能够确定中国CO₂排放的主要贡献者,为碳减排决策提供相关信息.以往的研究表明,核算视角的不同会导致碳排放水平的差异.在多区域投入产出分析框架的基础上,基于不同能源类型,量化中国由生产、需求和供给驱动的省级CO₂排放量,构建能源-碳排放关系模型,对我国CO₂排放进行综合分析.结果发现：①由煤炭导致的CO₂排放占比57.2%（生产视角）、60.7%（消费视角）和58.2%（收入视角）.②各产业部门中,电力、热力、燃气及水的生产和供应部门CO₂排放占比49.1%（生产视角）、70.2%（消费视角）和14.2%（收入视角）.③河北、内蒙古、河南和辽宁等高度工业化省份的碳减排政策应侧重生产侧;东部沿海发达省份和矿产资源丰富省份的政策应分别侧重需求侧和供给侧.④以往被忽略的第三产业在收入视角下贡献了大量的CO₂排放.因此各省份及产业部门需要在生产、需求和供给侧制定差别化且具有针对性的碳减排政策才能减少CO₂的排放,实现"双碳"目标.     

论WTO处理环保议题的路径选择

WTO处理环保议题主要是通过召开会议、制定协议、创制协调机构以及解决争端等方式,上述路径从整体上构成了世界贸易组织的环境保护实践。"借用"WTO争端解决机制处理环保议题,成为有效协调环境保护与促进贸易自由的现实选择。WTO争端解决机制履行世贸组织环境保护方面的职权,解决与环境有关的贸易争端,其法律解释和裁决报告等不断塑造着世贸组织的环保体系。在缺少完善的环境领域争端解决机制的情况下,"借用"WTO争端解决机制处理环保议题的模式将会长期存在。     

外商投资与国际贸易对中国沿海地区资源环境的影响

论文从定性描述和定量描述的角度,分别对外商投资和国际贸易对沿海地区的资源环境影响进行分析。通过研究发现,尽管在产值总量上,外商投资和国际贸易对沿海地区的资源压力和环境污染做出“贡献”,但是从弹性系数角度,外商投资和国际贸易对地区资源压力和环境污染的影响在逐渐减缓,表明外商投资和国际贸易并不是导致我国沿海地区资源环境压力加大的“罪魁祸首”,反而是减缓这种压力的主要贡献力量。但是,不可否认,在我国接受经济全球化影响的早期阶段,由于部分地区急于吸引外资,以及我国环境管理体系的不完善,的确在某些方面,外资和外贸对沿海地区的资源和环境造成了负面影响。     

我国环境监测采用国际标准的现状与对策建议

介绍了入世后我国环境监测采用国际标准的要求,分析了我国环境监测采用国际标准的现状与特点,提出加强环境监测采用国际标准和我国环境监测国际标准化工作的对策建议。     

中国国际河流可持续利用战略探讨

由于世界性的水资源问题 ,国际河流以其独特的地缘关系及与国际政治、经济的密切联系而受到关注。根据中国边疆地区主要国际河流的基本情况 ,探讨可持续利用的战略性对策。     

湄公河污染防治法律机制研究

湄公河作为亚洲重要的国际河流,也是关系到我国发展的重要河流.由于人为和自然原因,湄公河水质不断恶化,对水资源的安全造成威胁.通过对湄公河沿岸各国关于水污染防治进行探讨分析,流域各国在湄公河水资源开发利用方面有着共同遵守的行为准则.基于此,立足湄公河流域水污染防治法律机制的基础上,通过分析该流域水污染的原因,以及湄公河污...