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101.
102.
利用模拟淋溶实验测定了中国几种土壤(砖红壤,赤红壤,红壤,黄棕壤和紫色土)的风化速率,并研究了土壤pH值和降水量对土壤风化速度的影响,结果表明,土壤的风化速度在pH≥4时随pH值的下降而显著增加,但是当pH值低于4时,风化速率却急剧下降,造成这种现象的原因可能是在低pH值时盐基阳离子和铝离子大量溶出,过高的产物浓度限制了风化反应的进行。土壤的风化速度与淋溶速率之间近似成线性关系。用淋溶液pH值和淋溶液量两个因素对实验结果进行了校正。 相似文献
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改性粉煤灰在处理锑矿选矿废水中的应用 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
针对锑矿选矿废水中锑和丁基黄原酸钠严重超标的问题,用酸改性粉煤灰对其进行吸附处理.试验结果表明,当改性粉煤灰处理选矿废水的最佳质量体积比(g.mL-1)为1:100,pH值为3,静置时间为4h时,可以将选矿废水中的锑浓度从28.611mg.L-1降到0.05mg.L-1以下,去除率达99.8%以上;废水中的丁基黄原酸钠浓度可从0.373mg.L-1降到0.02mg.L-1以下,去除率达95.0%以上.处理废水后的改性粉煤灰用硫酸-硝酸浸提,浸出液中重金属离子浓度均低于国家浸出毒性标准,表明改性粉煤灰是一种很好的锑矿选矿废水处理剂. 相似文献
105.
文章主要研究模拟高放废液加入沸石预处理经碱矿渣水泥固化后Cs+的浸出性能。实验结果表明,处理含Cs+高放废液固化体中加入沸石,能使Cs+浸出率降低";两步法"掺入沸石固化体抗Cs+浸出性能更有所提高;pH值升高Cs+的吸附比增大。 相似文献
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Strength development,leachability and microstructure of heavy metals from the solidified waste using synthesis rice husk ash (sRHA) and lime blended at the weight ratio of 1:1 were used as binders.The heavy metal-containing sludge was used at the level of 0 wt.%,30 wt.%,and 50 wt.% dry weight,respectively.The sample specimens with and without 1.5 wt.% of sodium silicate (SiO 2 /Na 2 O=1.0) were cured under the ambient condition and elevated temperature curing at 50°C for 24 hr.Experimental results showed that the introduction of sodium silicate solution and elevated temperature curing to sRHA-based solidified waste containing 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge gave one day strength of 20 kg/cm 2 compared to 0.9 kg/cm2 for the control sample.XRD patterns indicated that most metal-sulfides present in the sludge were appeared in the solidified waste and SEM coupled with EDX techniques reveal these metal-sulfide particles were trapped within the lime-sRHA matrices.In addition,cumulative leaching behavior by tank test (EA NEN 7375:2004) showed that solidified waste containing up to 30 wt.% of heavy metal sludge was suitable to dispose in a secured landfill. 相似文献
109.
Co-transport of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in soils induced
by excessive phosphorus applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To evaluate the e ects of long-term applications of phosphorus fertilizers on mobility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and heavy
metals in agricultural soils, a sandy soil and a loamy soil were spiked with ammonium phosphate at application rates of 0, 25, 50,
100, 250, and 500 mg P per kilogram of soil. A series of 15-cm long soil columns were constructed by packing incubated soils of
varying concentrations of P. The soil columns were consecutively leached by simulated rainfalls for six cycles. The contents of water
extractable organic carbon in both sandy and loamy soils increased significantly with increasing rates of P applications. Relatively
high rates of P applications could induce a marked increase in DOM concentrations in the leachates, the e ects were larger with the
sandy soil rather than with the loamy soil. Applications of P changed the partitioning of trace metals in the soil solids and the soil
solutions. The increased P application rates also seemed to elevate the leaching of Cu, Cd, and Zn from soils. The concentrations of
Cu, Cd, and Zn in the leachates were positively correlated with DOM, probably due to the formation of metal-DOM complexes. In
contrast, Pb concentrations in the leachates were negatively correlated with DOM, and decreased with increasing rates of P applications.
The boosted leaching of DOM induced by high rates of P applications was probably due to the added phosphate ions competing for
adsorption sites in the soil solids with the indigenous DOM. 相似文献
110.
Marek K. Jarecki Timothy B. Parkin Alvarus S.K. Chan Thomas C. Kaspar Thomas B. Moorman Jeremy W. Singer Brian J. Kerr Jerry L. Hatfield Raymond Jones 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,134(1-2):29-35
Agriculture contributes 40–60% of the total annual N2O emissions to the atmosphere. Development of management practices to reduce these emissions would have a significant impact on greenhouse gas levels. Non-leguminous cover crops are efficient scavengers of residual soil NO3, thereby reducing leaching losses. However, the effect of a grass cover crop on N2O emissions from soil receiving liquid swine manure has not been evaluated. This study investigated: (i) the temporal patterns of N2O emissions following addition of swine manure slurry in a laboratory setting under fluctuating soil moisture regimes; (ii) assessed the potential of a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop to decrease N2O emissions under these conditions; and (iii) quantified field N2O emissions in response to either spring applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or different rates of fall-applied liquid swine manure, in the presence or absence of a rye/oat winter cover crop. Laboratory experiments investigating cover crop effects N2O emissions were performed in a controlled environment chamber programmed for a 14 h light period, 18 °C day temperature, and 15 °C night temperature. Treatments with or without a living rye cover crop were treated with either: (i) no manure; (ii) a phosphorus-based manure application rate (low manure): or (iii) a nitrogen-based manure application rate (high manure). We observed a significant reduction in N2O emissions in the presence of the rye cover crop. Field experiments were performed on a fine-loamy soil in Central Iowa from October 12, 2005 to October 2, 2006. We observed no significant effect of the cover crop on cumulative N2O emissions in the field. The primary factor influencing N2O emission was N application rate, regardless of form or timing. The response of N2O emission to N additions was non-linear, with progressively more N2O emitted with increasing N application. These results indicate that while cover crops have the potential to reduce N2O emissions, N application rate may be the overriding factor. 相似文献