我国循环经济立法模式选择

综述了循环经济的内涵要求及特征、国外循环经济立法概况及分类，认为我国进行循环经济立法应采取3步走的分阶段立法模式。     

Commentary: The federal ‘Prenatally and Postnatally Diagnosed Conditions Awareness Act’

The recently enacted federal law, the ‘Prenatally and Postnatally Diagnosed Conditions Awareness Act’ (United States Public Law 110–374) seeks to improve opportunities for parents and pregnant women to anticipate and understand the likely life course of children born with Down syndrome and other (unspecified) conditions. The law is in part a response to the continued growth of prenatal screening and testing. For example, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Practice Bulletin 77 recommends that ‘Screening and invasive diagnostic testing for aneuploidies be available to all women who present for prenatal care before 20 weeks of gestation regardless of maternal age.’ Emerging technologies anticipate an era in which the scope of prenatal screening and testing will be much larger than it is today. Inevitably, more women will find themselves facing the hard question of whether to continue or end a pregnancy in which a fetus has been found to have a significant abnormality. While the new federal law is not likely to have a major impact on obstetric practice, it may be a harbinger of renewed wide-scale public debate concerning the ethics of prenatal screening. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国循环经济基本法立法架构研究

循环经济基本法立法架构的好与坏，不仅关系循环经济基本法的制定与出台，而且影响循环经济基本法的理解和执行。基于此。就循环经济基本法立法架构展开了综合研究，以期有助于中国循环经济基本法的制定与执行。在比较研究国外循环经济基本法立法架构与综合分析中国循环经济基本法立法架构研究现状的基础上，深入探讨中国循环经济的基本内涵以及中国循环经济基本法的基本定位与基本内容，进而提出一种新的中国循环经济基本法立法架构。从目前实践看，中国特色循环经济的内涵可以概括为是对生产和消费活动中物质能量流动方式的管理经济。中国循环经济建设应该从适度生产系统、适度消费系统和回收利用系统三个环节着手。根据经济基础决定上层建筑的基本原理，中国循环经济基本法作为一部环境友好型经济法以及具有一定强制性与制裁性的促进法，应当按照适度生产-适度消费-回收利用这条主线进行立法架构。     

我国突发环境事件应急法制法律原则的探析

法律原则对法律制度的建立、发展和完善起着尤为重要的指导作用。我国突发环境事件应急法制还处于起步阶段，相关法律研究也存在欠缺和不深入的问题。本文在比较几种相关概念的法律原则的基础上，总结环境应急法制法律原则的特征，试提出我国环境应急法制所要遵循的几条法律原则。     

湖北省饮用水源保护和可持续利用的立法思考

本文在对湖北省饮用水源保护的现状和法律调控的不足进行分析的基础上，提出完善湖北省饮用水源保护法律调控的必要性；分析了完善湖北省饮用水潭保护法律调控应遵循的指导思想和基本原则，并创新相应的法律制度，对湖北省饮用水源法制建设进行了探索。     

Dead letter or living document? Ten years of the Code of Conduct for disaster relief

This paper examines the present value of the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Disaster Relief, in view of discussions on neutrality and the Western bias of the humanitarian aid system, and assesses how it can retain its relevance in future. The Code of Conduct was launched just after the Rwanda genocide of April 1994. A decade later, the crises in Afghanistan and Iraq have sparked renewed interest in humanitarian principles and in whether the code can serve as an instrument to define humanitarianism and guide humanitarian decision-making and coordination. More than 300 organisations have now subscribed to it. This paper is based on the findings of a survey of code signatories and the outcomes of a conference on the value and future of the code, held in The Hague, Netherlands, in September 2004 to mark its tenth anniversary.     

Legitimizing Fluvial Ecosystems as Users of Water: An Overview

We suggest that fluvial ecosystems are legitimate users of water and that there are basic ecological principles guiding the maintenance of long-term ecological vitality. This article articulates some fundamental relationships between physical and ecological processes, presents basic principles for maintaining the vitality of fluvial ecosystems, identifies several major scientific challenges and opportunities for effective implementation of the basic ecological principles, and acts as an introduction to three specific articles to follow on biodiversity, biogeochemistry, and riparian communities. All the objectives, by necessity, link climate, land, and fresh water. The basic principles proposed are: (1) the natural flow regime shapes the evolution of aquatic biota and ecological processes, (2) every river has a characteristic flow regime and an associated biotic community, and (3) aquatic ecosystems are topographically unique in occupying the lowest position in the landscape, thereby integrating catchment-scale processes. Scientific challenges for the immediate future relate to quantifying cumulative effects, linking multidisciplinary knowledge and models, and formulating effective monitoring and assessment procedures. Additionally, forecasting the ecological consequences of changing water regimes is a fundamental challenge for science, especially as environmental issues related to fresh waters escalate in the next two to three decades.     

对开发三峡库区旅游文化资源的思考

运用旅游文化学理论 ,并结合三峡旅游的实际 ,对三峡库区旅游文化资源进行了深入分析和研究 ,提出了开发的原则和措施。     

自然资源与环境价值评估:条件估值法及应用原则探讨

自然资源与环境价值评估是当前环境经济学的研究热点,条件估值法C(VM)在国外经过近40年的发展已较为完善并已成为自然资源和环境价值评估的主要技术方法之一。但由于缺少一套完备的原则框架加以指导,国内具体实证研究存在不同的问题和困惑。论文系统回顾了条件价值法的国内外主要研究进展,基于国际上已建立的CVM原则并结合我国自然资源与环境价值评估的实际情形,提出了当前国内CVM研究可供遵循的9条建议性原则,涉及问卷设计与预调查、调查实施、数据分析和费用效益分析等各步骤。以此为基础对国内CVM价值评估研究存在的一些问题作了初步探讨。最后指出,环境资源价值评估CVM研究需要遵循的原则和注意的问题,可能还不止于所建原则,具体操作过程可能需要适时适地地调整并需要继续完善。     

日本、韩国的土壤污染防治法及其对我国的借鉴

在东亚地区,日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法最为活跃,先后制定了专门的土壤污染防治法及其配套法规.本文从立法背景、立法模式、主要内容及制度设置、土壤污染防治的管理体制等方面,对日本、韩国的土壤污染防治立法进行了比较分析.这些立法实践及其施行经验,对我国正在进行的土壤污染防治立法有实际借鉴意义.