SIMULATION OF TEMPORAL CHANGES IN RAINFALL-RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS,COON CREEK BASIN,WISCONSIN1

ABSTRACT: Streamflow for 67 years was simulated for Coon Creek at Coon Valley, Wisconsin, for three conditions in the drainage basin: (1) conditions in the 1930s; (2) conditions in the 1970s, excluding flood-detention reservoirs; and (3) conditions in the 1970s, including flood-detention reservoirs. These simulations showed that the changes in agricultural practices over 40 years (1940–80) reduced the 100-year flood by 53 percent (from 38,900 to 18,300 cubic feet per second). The flood-detention reservoirs reduced the 100-year flood by an additional 17 percent (to 15,100 cubic feet per second). The simulation was accomplished by calibrating a precipitation-runoff model to observed rainfall and runoff during two separate periods (1934–40 and 1978–81). Comparisons of model simulations showed that differences between the model calibrations for the two periods were statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF A SWEDISH AND A CHINESE HYDROLOGICAL MODEL1

ABSTRACT: There are a large number of conceptual hydrological models available today. It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the different models. The Swedish HBV model and the Chinese Xinanjiang model are two examples of conceptual, semi-distributed, rainfall-runoff models. The Xinanjiang model was designed for use in humid and semi-humid regions, with no routine for the snowmelt runoff, whereas the snow routine is an important part of the HBV model in many applications. The model structures of the two models may be described in four routines, compared in this paper. The integral structures of them are similar, but there are some differences, especially in the runoff production routine. The physical significance and physical definitions of some model parameters were analyzed. Both models were tested in two basins. Both models gave similar results, and both models performed well in the application. The similarity of the results obtained by different model structures leads to the following two conclusions. First, more effort should probably be spent on the improvement of input data quality and coverage than on the development of more detailed model structures only. Second, inference about basin behavior and characteristics from the values of calibrated model parameters must be made with great caution.     

关于安全投资效益目标函数的建立和优化

通过对安全投资与事故经济损失的规律性的分析研究，确立安全投资与经济效益的内在关系，进一步探索在我国现有财力和安全水平的基础上，找准安全投资的投向，优化安全投资的合理分配，从而实现最大限度地提高企业安全生产水平和安全投资效益。为政府部门或企业提供一套经过优化、科学合理、操作性又比较强的安全投资方案，供各级领导进行安全决策，实现本部门、本单位的安全投资计划时参考     

四川德昌县典型泥石流灾害风险评价

四川德昌县虎皮弯沟、凉峰沟和凹米罗沟为凉山州安宁河一级支流茨达河的3条支沟，泥石流危险度依次为0．49，0．65和0．45，分别属于中度危险、高度危险和中度危险的泥石流沟；泥孑亍流易损度依次为0．79，0.82和0.81，分别属于高度易损、极高易损和极高易损的泥石流沟；泥石流风险度依次为0．39，0．53和0.37，均属于高风险泥石流沟，容易造成较大的泥石流灾害损失。2004年8月24日，因持续高强度降雨，导致3沟同时暴发泥石流，给当地社会经济和人民群众的生命财产造成丁巨大损失。建立了泥石流灾害损失评价方法，对这3场泥石流灾害损失进行了评价。针对此类严重灾害的高风险泥石流沟，提出了相应的整治建议，以减少和避免重大灾害的再次发生。     

抽出式通风煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟

根据气固两相流理论，针对矿井掘进工作面的特点，采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）对掘进工作面通风过程中粉尘浓度进行数值模拟，总结抽出式通风掘进巷道中粉尘浓度的沿程分布及变化规律。     

机械设备故障与事故管理

阐述机械加工企业机械设备的故障分类、原因、机理和管理方法，以及设备的事故管理和工伤事故经济损失。     

区域性洪涝灾害的灾情评估

以区域孕灾环境、致灾因子和承灾能力三方面的资料为基础,探讨了如何运用地理信息系统和评估模型进行洪涝灾害灾情评估的思路和方法.经实例验证,综合灾害经济损失总量、区域调节承受能力和灾后社会或部门追加投入总量的洪涝灾度评估方法,可对区域实际遭受洪涝灾害的破坏程度和影响深度做出科学、客观、合理的评估.     

基于面积统计的震后烈度评估

选取了较为典型的历史震例,并将这些震例的等震线图数字化.利用这些等震线图数据,直接统计出地震参数和震后不同烈度面积之间的关系,并将该关系和烈度衰减几何模型结合起来,反演震后烈度的具体分布形状,以进行震后烈度分布的预测.     

Sustainability of Current Agricultural Practices in The Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Cameron Highlands is a mountainous region with steep slopes. Gradients exceeding 20^∘ are common. The climate is favourable to the cultivation of tea, sub-tropical vegetables and flowers (under rain-shelter). Crop production is sustained by high fertiliser and manure applications. However, agriculture in this environment is characterised by high levels of soil erosion and environmental pollution. A study on the sustainability of these agro-ecosystems was conducted. Results indicated that soil loss was in the range of 24–42 ton/ha/yr under vegetables and 1.3 ton under rain-shelter. Sediment load in the vegetable sub-catchment reached 3.5 g/L, 50 times higher than that associated with flowers under rain-shelter and tea. The sediments contained high nutrient loads of up to 470 kg N/ha/yr. The N, P and K lost in runoff from cabbage farms was 154 kg/season/ha, whereas in chrysanthemum farms it was 5 kg. In cabbage farms, the N, P, and K lost through leaching was 193 kg/season/ha. The NO₃–N concentration in the runoff from the cabbage farms reached 25 ppm but less than 10 ppm in runoff from rain-shelters. Inorganic pollution in the rivers was within the acceptable limit of 10 ppm. The sustainability of the agro-ecosystems is in the order of tea { > } rain–shelter ≫ vegetables.