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钢管混凝土柱耐火性能和抗火设计的特点 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
简要论述了按ISO-834和GS9978-88规定的标准升温曲线升温作用下钢管混凝土柱耐火性能的特点,分析了影响钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的因素,说明了由于钢管和混凝土的共同工作且核心混凝土具有较好的吸热性能,从而使钢管混凝土柱具有较好的耐火性能。在进行钢管钢混凝土柱的抗火设计时,柱子外围只需进行适当的防火涂料保护,即可达到《高层用民建筑设计防火规范(GB50045-95)》对柱结构所要求的耐火极限。《高层用民建筑设计防火规范(GB50045-95)》中对钢结构柱防火保护层厚度的确定方法不适合于钢管混凝土。 相似文献
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以树脂作为载体,研究了新型内循环三相流化床反应器氧传递速率和氧转移效率的影响因素(载体量、气速、导流挡板及布气器设置的位置).结果表明,当载体量<10%时,三重管、五重管的溶氧性能较好;当载体量>10%时,直管、多重管的溶氧性能更好;当载体量为15%时,随着表观气速的增大,氧传递速率增大,而气速分别在0.022 m/s和0.033m/s时,直管和多重管的氧转移效率达到最大值;底部布气优于其他高度布气;导流挡板的设置增强氧的传递作用.研究结果为反应器的放大及操作条件的优化提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm) chemical source profiles applicable to speciated emissions inventories and receptor model source apportionment are reported for geological material, motor vehicle exhaust, residential coal (RCC) and wood combustion (RWC), forest fires, geothermal hot springs; and coal-fired power generation units from northwestern Colorado during 1995. Fuels and combustion conditions are similar to those of other communities of the inland western US. Coal-fired power station profiles differed substantially between different units using similar coals, with the major difference being lack of selenium in emissions from the only unit that was equipped with a dry limestone sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubber. SO2 abundances relative to fine particle mass emissions in power plant emissions were seven to nine times higher than hydrogen sulfide (H2S) abundances from geothermal springs, and one to two orders of magnitude higher than SO2 abundances in RCC emissions, implying that the SO2 abundance is an important marker for primary particle contributions of non-aged coal-fired power station contributions. The sum of organic and elemental carbon ranged from 1% to 10% of fine particle mass in coal-fired power plant emissions, from 5% to 10% in geological material, >50% in forest fire emissions, >60% in RWC emissions, and >95% in RCC and vehicle exhaust emissions. Water-soluble potassium (K+) was most abundant in vegetative burning profiles. K+/K ratios ranged from 0.1 in geological material profiles to 0.9 in vegetative burning emissions, confirming previous observations that soluble potassium is a good marker for vegetative burning. 相似文献
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Ren Lefebvre Daryl Hockley Jason Smolensky Ann Lamontagne 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2001,52(1-4):165-186
Acid mine drainage (AMD) results from the oxidation of sulfides, mainly pyrite, present in mine wastes, either mill tailings or waste rock. This is the second of two papers describing the coupled physical processes taking place in waste rock piles undergoing AMD production. Since the oxidation of pyrite involves the consumption of oxygen and the production of heat, the oxidation process initiates coupled processes of gas transfer by diffusion and convection as well as heat transfer. These processes influence the supply of oxygen that is required to sustain the oxidation process. This second paper describes a numerical simulator used to represent the interaction of these coupled transfer processes. Numerical simulations are applied to two large sites with extensive characterization programs and widely different properties and behavior that were described in the first paper. The South Dump of the Doyon mine in Canada is permeable and has a high pyrite oxidation rate, thus making temperature-driven air convection the main oxygen supply mechanism. The Nordhalde of the Ronnenberg mining district in Germany contains lower permeability material which is less reactive, thus leading to a more balanced contribution of gaseous diffusion and convection as oxygen supply mechanisms. Overall, simulations allow a coherent representation of the conditions monitored within the waste rock piles and the confirmation of their physical properties. Conceptual simulations are also carried out to illustrate the potential effect of border membranes and layered co-mingling as mitigation methods used to control AMD production in either active or future waste rock piles. 相似文献
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