禾谷孢囊线虫侵染对小麦根部防御酶的影响

以抗禾谷孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae Wollenweber,cereal cyst nematode,CCN)小麦品系‘E-10’和易感材料‘中国春’为材料,通过人工接种禾谷孢囊线虫二龄幼虫,并在接种线虫后测定根部防御酶苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)和脂氧合酶(LOX)活力变化,研究抗感性材料对线虫侵染后防御酶的响应,以了解作物的抗虫机制.结果发现,‘E-10’和‘中国春’防御酶活力变化存在显著差异,‘E-10’在线虫侵染后6 h,LOX酶活增强,在24 h达到最大值,酶活变化比‘中国春’迅速,暗示‘E-10’启动线虫防御反应更为有效直接.此外,发现小麦在接种线虫后会引起邻近未接种植株根部防御酶活力变化.‘E-10’在接种线虫后12 h,其接触组未接种材料根部PAL酶活增加0.9倍,LOX酶活增加1.1倍,并且‘E-10’未接种植株的酶活变化比‘中国春’更迅速,幅度更剧烈.表明可能有某些气态或挥发性物质参与了小麦防御线虫侵染过程,并且这种现象在抗感材料间差异显著.使用茉莉酸甲酯处理‘E-10’和‘中国春’,小麦根部PAL和LOX酶活并未产生与接触接种线虫材料相一致的变化,表明该气态或挥发性物质并非茉莉酸甲酯.     

汽油车技术发展对尾气排放影响研究进展

近年来,汽油车尾气排放已成为城市大气污染的主要来源之一.为减少油耗、温室气体和大气污染物的排放,汽油直喷技术(GDI)、醇类燃料替代以及混合动力系统等新兴技术被应用到汽车产品中,该研究对GDI发动机汽车、醇类燃料车和混合动力车的颗粒物(PM)、氮氧化物(NO_x)、总碳氢化合物(THC)的排放研究进行梳理和总结,综合评估先进动力技术和醇类燃料的环境影响.结果表明:GDI汽油车的PM排放因子为进气道喷射(PFI)汽油车的1.2~5倍,加装汽油颗粒物捕集器(GPF)后GDI汽油车的PM排放大幅下降,同时具备催化能力的GPF可减少NO_x和THC排放.与汽油车相比,乙醇燃料车PM排放量减少了35%~56%,尾气THC排放减少了10%~44%,但挥发性有机物(VOCs)蒸发排放增加了20%~41%,其主要来自于日呼吸损失.各类型车辆的NO_x排放差异较小,比较结果存在一定的不确定性.混合动力车相比传统内燃机汽车污染物减排优势明显,可积极推广其在公共交通和私家车队中的应用.建议今后研究应着重关注以下几个方面:①GDI和混合动力车在实际条件下排放污染物的环境影响;②醇类燃料车VOCs蒸发排放控制技术及相关法规标准的完善;③新兴技术汽油车排放污染物的生成机理及其影响因素.      

离子交换膜应用于光/电/化学协同催化反应器

在光/电/化学协同催化反应器中,以离子交换膜代替盐桥连通阴、阳两室,以30 mg/L的甲基红溶液为目标降解物,考察了不同连通方式、初始pH和阴极电位对反应的影响. 结果表明:甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的表观反应速率常数明显高于盐桥型及阴离子交换膜型反应器,这是由于阳离子交换膜可以及时有效地将阳极室中产生的H+转移至阴极室中参与阴极反应. 甲基红在阳离子膜型反应器中的去除率随溶液初始pH的增高而降低,随阴极电位的增加先增大后减小,最佳反应条件为pH=2.0～3.0,阴极电位(-E_c)=0.6 V.      

应用脂肪酸甲酯淋洗去除土壤中多环芳烃

针对煤气厂土壤等高浓度多环芳烃污染土壤修复困难的现实,采用易生物降解的新型淋洗剂脂肪酸甲酯淋洗修复高浓度多环芳烃污染的土壤,同时进行了以甲醇、植物油(大豆油)作为淋洗剂的淋洗实验,比较不同淋洗剂的淋洗效果.结果证明脂肪酸甲酯对人工模拟污染土壤中蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)芘的去除率可以达到80%—95%,对煤气厂土壤中多环芳烃的去除效果也非常明显,总多环芳烃的去除率达到41%.脂肪酸甲酯的淋洗效果要优于其它两种淋洗剂.     

掺Fe^3＋A-TiO2粉末的水热法制备及其光催化降解甲基橙

以硫酸钛为原料用水热法制备了掺Fe^3＋TiO2粉末,用SEM和XRD测定了样品的形貌和晶型,研究了以自制的掺Fe^3＋A-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解作用。结果表明：所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型TiO2即A-TiO2。365nm紫外光照射下,用自制的掺Fe^3＋A-TiO2降解甲基橙溶液的最佳条件是：10mg·L^-1的甲基橙溶液中加入0.050g掺5%Fe^3＋（物质的量比）A-TiO2粉末,用HNO3调节溶液成酸性后,18℃恒温反应4h,降解率达到57.8%。     

纤维素胺基树脂的制备及脱色性能评价

用氯化亚砜改性微晶纤维素,利用二乙烯三胺对氯化纤维素进行胺基取代制得纤维素胺基树脂。通过正交试验确定纤维素胺基树脂的最佳制备条件;红外分析以及X-衍射可知:氯化纤维素改性取代胺基得到纤维素胺基树脂。纤维素胺基树脂有较好的脱色功能。对甲基橙脱色条件为:吸附时间6 h,吸附温度为30℃,甲基橙初始浓度取为20 mg/L,树脂投加量为0.02 g。     

Metabolism-independent chemotaxis of Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 toward aromatic compounds

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilized methyl parathion or para-nitrophenol (PNP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, and methyl parathion hydrolase had been previously characterized. Its chemotactic behaviors to aromatics were investigated. The results indicated that strain WBC-3 was attracted to multiple aromatic compounds, including metabolizable or transformable substrates PNP, 4-nitrocatechol, and hydroquinone. Disruption of PNP catabolic genes had no e?ect on its chemotactic behaviors w...     

几种阴阳离子对磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙的影响

以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,考察了几种阴阳离子对磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液的影响。结果表明：Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋、NO3^-、SO4^2-和CO3^2-均对催化活性有促进作用,其中Mg^2＋和Ca^2＋仅有微弱的促进作用;NO3^-和SO4^2-随着浓度的增加促进作用也有所增加;CO3^2-则随着浓度的增加促进作用呈下降趋势;Mn^2＋、Al^3＋和Cl^-对光解反应存在较强的抑制作用,且Al^3＋和Cl^-随着其浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。     

Effect of bioethanol and thermal barrier coating on the performance of dual fuel engine operating on Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and producer gas induction

Alternative fuels have numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels as they are renewable, biodegradable; provide energy security and foreign exchange saving besides addressing environmental concerns and socio-economic issues as well. Renewable fuels can be used predominantly as fuel for both transportation and power generation applications. Improved engine performance with reduced engine exhaust emissions is a major research objective in engine development. Today, the use of biomass derived producer gas is more relevant for addressing rural power generation and is a promising technique for controlling both nitric oxide (NO_x) and soot emission levels. In view of this, exhaustive experiments on the use of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME)–Producer gas in a dual fuel engine have been carried out with an intension of improving its fuel efficiency. This paper mainly presents results on a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine operated in dual fuel mode using HOME–Producer gas combination with and without bio-ethanol addition and thermal barrier coating (TBC). Further, the results were compared with diesel–producer gas mode of operation. Experimental investigation on dual fuel operation using HOME+5% bioethanol (BE5)–Producer gas operation with TBC showed 12.35% increased brake thermal efficiency with decreased hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions and increased NO_x emission levels compared to HOME–Producer gas mode of operation.     

Effects of EGR,swirl augmentation techniques on combustion of biodiesel/ethanol and their blends in a diesel engine

The diminishing resources and continuously increasing cost of petroleum in association with their alarming pollution levels from diesel engines have caused an interest in finding alternative fuels to diesel which are renewable and sustainable. Emission control and engine efficiency are two most important parameters in current engine design. The impending introduction of emission standards such as Euro IV and Euro V is forcing the research towards developing new technologies for combating engine emissions. The classification of Euro IV and V norms is applicable to heavy-duty engines in Europe, where as Euro 5 is applicable to light-duty engines. This paper presents the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), swirl augmentation techniques and ethanol addition on the combustion of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) and its blends with ethanol in a diesel engine. From the experimental work conducted, it is found that the combustion of HOME plus up to 15% ethanol blend in a diesel engine operated with optimised parameters of injection timing 23° Before Top Dead Centre and compression ratio 17.5 results in acceptable combustion emissions and improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE). The addition of ethanol increased BTE with reduced hydrocarbons (HCs), CO and smoke emissions. However, NO _x emissions increased dramatically. Use of appropriate EGR reduces NO _x to acceptable levels. The implementation of swirl augmentation techniques further resulted in increased BTE and considerable reduction in tail pipe emissions such as smoke, HCs, CO and NO _x . The effect of swirl by providing grooves on the piston was taken into consideration to find the overall biodiesel engine performance, which gives scope for further studies.