西部大开发与现代集约持续农业

本文在分析西部大开发面临的机遇与挑战的基础上,阐述了我国发展现代集约持续农业的必然性,并对我国现代集约持续农业的目标、内容、重点领域及发展现代集约持续农业应注意的问题进行了探讨。     

现代环境生物技术的发展与应用

现代环境生物技术作为由环境工程与现代的生物学技术相结合而发展起来的新兴学科,现已广泛应用于理论研究和生产实践中。本文在了解环境生物技术发展过程和特点的基础上,讨论了环境生物技术的应用及未来的发展趋势。     

近代淮河流域自然灾害与人口的变动

近代淮河流域,灾害的多发性,对农村社会造成严重危机,尤其对农村人口的变动带来了深远的影响.该文借助人口学的相关理论与方法,运用历史文献对自然灾害打击下的近代淮河流域的农村人口数量的变动、迁移以及人口素质的变化进行考察和分析.研究认为:在灾害的打击下,农村人口数量发生变动,特别是一些大的灾荒造成的人口死亡率较高,这些严重...     

Legitimating the environmental injustices of war: toxic exposures and media silence in Iraq and Afghanistan

During the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, the US Department of Defense burned the majority of its solid waste in open-air pits or trenches, producing large amounts of potentially hazardous emissions. While journalists have covered stories of US service members who link their illnesses to these fumes, they have almost entirely ignored potential civilian impacts. However, satellite images demonstrate that pollution from open-air trash burning on US bases could not have impacted US personnel without also harming Iraqi and Afghan civilians living near bases, indicating that burn-pit pollution is an important, if unacknowledged, environmental justice issue. Content analysis of news articles shows the extent to which civilian impacts have been left out of mainstream US media reporting on burn-pit pollution. This selective attention is symptomatic of the way military violence is legitimated, which involves a complicit news media that typically overlooks the humanitarian impacts of war.     

近代中国灾荒史再研究——以夏明方先生及其研究为例

我国关于近代中国灾荒史研究的再起步源于20世纪80年代,中国人民大学历史学院是灾荒史研究的发起者和中坚力量。其中以李文海先生、夏明方先生等为领军人物的学者出版了一系列关于近代中国灾荒的论文和论著。其中夏明方先生是近代中国灾荒研究的著名学者,在灾荒的缘起、发展、影响及官民应对等方面有着独到精辟的观点和全面客观的阐述。对于当代国内学界对于灾荒史研究有着重要的意义和引导作用。     

美英联军在伊拉克和阿富汗战场的伤害与防护

本文归纳总结了美英联军在伊拉克和阿富汗战场的主要伤害类型,分析了现代局部战争的主要伤害因素,指出了美英联军针对新的战场伤害特点所采取的防护措施。     

影响作业疲劳的因素及对策研究

本文重点讨论了疲劳的定义，对现代作业疲劳提出了新的定义，使对疲劳的研究更切合多元化的社会发展方向，并且对人体疲劳的特点进行了更加深入的分析。文章还从人、机、环以及管理制度四个方面系统的分析了现代作业疲劳出现的原因，同时提出了较为科学全面的三级预防措施，从而对现代作业疲劳的研究与防治提供了科学的参考与依据。     

近代我国应对海洋灾害的社会动员机制

近代以来,海洋灾害对沿海区域的社会经济发展造成了严重威胁。为应对发生的灾害,社会力量发挥了重要作用,成为救灾的主体。通过考察社会动员的主体、途径、力量等方面,探讨近代我国应对海洋灾害的社会动员机制,为我国未来应对突发性的海洋灾害提供历史借鉴,丰富应对措施与经验,保障人民生命财产安全。     

Humanitarian War: A New Consensus?

The NATO bombing operation Allied Force against Yugoslavia in March-June 1999 represents the final disappearance of the narrowing divide between humanitarianism and politics: a war initiated and justified on humanitarian grounds. Although unlikely to be repeated any time soon, the Kosovo case appears to have cemented an ideological shift on the international right and even necessity of sing military force to protect civilians within sovereign states. Rather than humanitarians acknowledging the political context and consequences of their work, however, the case suggests the embrace of humanitarian principles of universality and neutrality by military organisations. This article discusses some consequences of the new consensus: neglect of the political context (both local and foreign) of such operations, interaction between the operational dynamics of relief operations and the logic of war and the political consequences of using the humanitarian legitimation and mission in such cases.     

Are non‐poor households always less vulnerable? The case of households exposed to protracted civil war in Southern Sudan

Civil wars in Africa are now the leading contributory cause of vulnerability of rural communities. Understanding vulnerability during civil war is critical for humanitarian response and post-conflict rehabilitation planning. The lack of understanding of vulnerability has led existing studies to make sweeping generalizations, either by equating the dynamics of vulnerability during civil wars with vulnerability in other risk events, or by projecting people in the 'war zones' as unable to cope and subsequently becoming vulnerable. This paper is an attempt to gain a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of vulnerability during protracted civil war. It shows that during civil war the non-poor are not necessarily less vulnerable than poor households. The idea that people caught up in civil war are all vulnerable is not supported by the findings of this paper. It shows that the 'standard' pattern of vulnerability to drought is similar to that during exogenous counter-insurgency warfare, while a different pattern of vulnerability to endogenous shocks is identified.