潜流人工湿地填料筛选及其对小城镇微污染水的修复性能评价

为了选择适合小城镇潜流人工湿地的填料,选取小城镇较为常见的材料(废砖、卵石、碎石),结合物化性质,研究25℃下填料对磷的吸附效果,并分析了填料种类对野外潜流人工湿地运行的影响。结果表明:(1)25℃时,3种填料对磷的吸附量随着溶液中初始磷浓度的增加而增加,吸附能力依次为废砖>碎石>卵石;(2)野外潜流人工湿地运行过程中,随HRT的延长,组合填料湿地WL1和废砖填料WL2湿地对总磷的净化效果有所提高,且WL2湿地对总磷的去除效果略优于WL1。因此,可以选择废砖作为小城镇潜流人工湿地系统的填料。     

Remediation of copper polluted red soils with clay materials

Attapulgite and montmorillonite were utilized to remediate heavy metal polluted red soils in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The e ects of clay minerals on availability, chemical distribution, and biotoxicity of Cu and Zn were evaluated. The results provided a reference for the rational application of clay materials to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. From the sorption experiment, the maximum adsorbed Cu2+ by attapulgite and montmorillonite was 1501 and 3741 mg/kg, respectively. After polluted red soil was amended with attapulgite or montmorillonite and cultured at 30 and 60 days, soil pH increased significantly compared to the control. An 8% increase in the amount of montmorillonite in soil and 30 days incubation decreased acid exchangeable Cu by 24.7% compared to the control red soil. Acid exchangeable Cu decreased with increasing amounts of attapulgite and montmorillonite, with best remediation e ect reached at a dose of 8%. Results also showed that the Cu poisoning e ect on earthworms was reduced with the addition of attapulgite and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite showed the best e ect, with the addition of a 2% dose the mortality of earthworms decreased from 60% to zero compared to the control. Our results indicated that the bioavailability of Cu in soils was reduced more e ectively with the application of montmorillonite than attapulgite.     

煤炭井工开采项目中土地整治评价内容的协调

通过典型案例,阐述了环境影响评价、水土保持方案和土地复垦方案三个咨询成果在对煤矿土地整治工程中的矛盾与不协调,并提出了协调思路与方法。     

Efficient dechlorination of chlorinated solvent pollutants under UV irradiation by using the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets in aqueous phase

Titanium dioxide(TiO2), which is the widely used photo-catalyst, has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal solution containing tetrabutyl titanate and hydrofluoric acid. The synthesized product has been applied to photo-degradation in aqueous phase of chlorinated solvents, namely tetrachloroethene(PCE), trichloroethene(TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA). The photo-degradation results revealed that the degradation of these harmful chemicals was better in UV/synthesized TiO2 system compared to UV/commercial P25 system and UV only system. The photo-catalytic efficiency of the synthesized TiO2 was 1.4, 1.8 and 3.0 folds higher compared to the commercial P25 for TCA, TCE and PCE degradation, respectively. Moreover, using nitrobenzene(NB) as a probe of hydroxyl radical(.OH), the degradation rate was better over UV/synthesized TiO2, suggesting the high concentration of.OH generated in UV/synthesized TiO2system. In addition,.OH concentration was confirmed by the strong peak displayed in EPR analysis over UV/synthesized TiO2system. The characterization result using XRD and TEM showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in anatase form and consisted of well-defined sheet-shaped structures having a rectangular outline with a thickness of 4 nm, side length of 50 nm and width of 33 nm and a surface 90.3 m2/g. XPS analysis revealed that ≡Ti-F bond was formed on the surface of the synthesized TiO2. The above results on both photocatalytic activity and the surface analysis demonstrated the good applicability of the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets for the remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater.     

污染场地修复决策支持系统的几个关键问题探讨

场地土壤和地下水环境污染问题已成为近年来我国环境保护领域关注的焦点和热点.污染场地修复决策支持系统是在场地勘察与风险评估基础上,筛选最佳的修复技术,以制定经济高效的场地污染治理方案.本文探讨与分析修复决策系统的框架、模型、方法等关键环节,评估与总结了国际上现有40多种修复决策软件的模块及功能.针对我国场地污染问题,综合国际前沿的思想与理念,提出适合我国现阶段经济社会发展水平的决策支持系统开发思路.     

热强化气相抽提对不同质地土壤中苯去除的影响

研究应用电阻加热强化气相抽提技术对砂土、壤土和黏土中苯去除效果的影响及作用机制.与常规抽提结果相比,在热强化处理作用下气相抽提对砂土和壤土中苯的去除效率提高了13.1%和12.3%,处理时间分别降低75%和14%.热强化处理使得黏土含水率下降,土壤渗透率升高,黏土颗粒表面羧基和乙基的吸收峰消失,有机质含量减少,苯的去除效率与对照相比提高了34%.对于砂土和壤土,热强化主要是通过促进苯在土体中扩散来提高去除效率,从而实现在较短时间内污染物质的大量去除;而对于黏土则是通过降低土壤颗粒表面有机基团的含量,从而降低污染物和土壤颗粒的吸附能力,并通过降低含水率和升高渗透率从而提高土壤中气体的扩散性能,以达到增强气相抽提效果的目的.     

铅锌尾矿重金属渗漏污染土壤和地下水的电动修复技术研究

随着生产的发展,中国地下水重金属污染问题日益严重,特别是尾矿重金属渗漏污染地下水尤引人注目,地下水和土壤相互作用,导致重金属离子发生迁移和再分配。电动修复技术作为一种新兴绿色技术,因其高效、节能、成本低、无二次污染,具有很好发展前景。本文对土壤和地下水重金属污染电动修复技术的原理、实际研究应用、技术优势及缺点进行论述,为进一步研究铅锌尾矿重金属渗漏污染地下水电动修复技术提供理论依据。     

不同条件下皂苷对污染塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗修复

为了探讨环境友好型生物表面活性剂皂苷(saponin)对污染塿土中重金属Cu、Pb的淋洗修复效果,采用批次试验方法,研究了皂苷在不同的淋洗时间、质量浓度、p H、淋洗次数及背景电解质强度下对Cu、Pb单一污染塿土和复合污染塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗效果.结果表明,当皂苷质量浓度为50 g·L-1、p H值为5.0、淋洗时间为240 min、无背景电解质离子共存时,重金属离子通过与皂苷胶团络合,对污染塿土中Cu、Pb的淋洗去除效果达到最大;在单一污染塿土和复合污染塿土中,50g·L-1的皂苷在最佳淋洗条件下对Cu的单次淋洗百分率分别为29.02%和25.09%,对Pb的单次淋洗百分率分别为31.56%和28.03%,同时也显示皂苷对Pb的去除效果比Cu更显著.经过4次淋洗后,在单一污染塿土和复合污染塿土中皂苷对Cu的累积淋洗百分率分别为58.92%和53.11%,对Pb的累积淋洗百分率分别为77.69%和65.32%.单次淋洗前后污染塿土中重金属形态分级结果表明:污染塿土中吸附态、交换态Cu、Pb的质量分数有所增加;碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态和硫化物残渣态的Cu、Pb可得到有效去除.     

某电镀厂六价铬污染土壤还原稳定化试剂筛选与过程监测

针对目前国内进行六价铬污染土壤修复过程关键性控制参数相对缺乏,且中长期稳定性效果相对较差等问题.选取北方某电镀厂六价铬污染严重的表层土壤,使用5组还原试剂进行还原稳定化试验,同时通过在线ORP(氧化还原电位)测试仪在线监测和定期取样测试,探索不同还原剂的反应效率和最终效果.其中试剂4对六价铬的还原稳定化率最高,基本上均在99.5%以上,六价铬浓度最低可达到2.4 mg·kg~(-1);从反应速率来看试剂1和4反应速率最快.反应过程的ORP、pH值监测数据也出现较大的区别,其中第1组土壤样品整个过程中ORP始终处于-400 m V左右;第4组反应在30 h以后,由-200m V逐步升高并稳定在100 m V左右.从反应体系中的pH值变化情况来看,唯一使土壤pH保持在7左右的是试剂4.综合判断试剂4(多硫化钙和亚铁盐复配试剂)的综合还原效果最佳.以试剂4为基础进行单独放大试验,通过ORP和电导率两个关键参数的变化情况发现还原反应过程大概需要160 h,从而为后期实际土壤修复过程中控制还原土壤的养护条件和过程监控提供理论支撑.     

房地产用地土壤污染环境风险评价——以江苏某搬迁企业原址用地为例

许多房地产项目都是在工业企业原址上进行开发建设,可能存在不同程度的土壤污染。土壤污染的评估和修复方案已成为房地产开发项目环评的重点,文中采用单因子指数法、内梅罗指数法和土壤背景值对照法对江苏某房地产用地土壤进行了环境风险评价,结果表明该地块不需要进行土壤修复和处置。