关于安全意识的哲学研究

笔者从哲学角度 ,对安全意识的概念进行了剖析 ,探讨了安全意识的构成与运作机制 ,其中包括安全意识的结构以及安全意识的动力机制。在此基础上 ,提出了新世纪的安全观念 ,即拓展安全领域、以人为本 ,保障安全 ;以素质教育为本 ,加强安全文化宣传 ;以科技为本 ,创塑安全新貌 ,弘扬安全文化。     

后现代环境伦理学对哲学主体关系的偏离

后现代环境伦理学接受了后现代哲学的影响,这种影响表现在两个方面：一是它接受了有机哲学的观点,把自然看作是自成一体的有机系统,主体是一个建立经验联系的活动者,而不是客体的对立物,二是它打破了价值确定的传统原则,把自然的创造性引入了价值系统,这也就设定了新的价值关系,为后现代环境伦理学价值理论的构建,奠定了核心基础。     

A critical review of the compassionate conservation debate

Compassionate conservation holds that compassion should transform conservation. It has prompted heated debate and has been criticized strongly. We reviewed the debate to characterize compassionate conservation and to philosophically analyze critiques that are recurring and that warrant further critical attention. The necessary elements of compassionate conservation relate to the moral value of sentient animals and conservation and to science and conservation practice. Although compassionate conservation has several nontraditional necessary conditions, it also importantly allows a degree of pluralism in values and scientific judgment regarding animals and conservation practice. We identified 52 specific criticisms from 11 articles that directly critique compassionate conservation. We closely examined 33 of these because they recurred regularly or included substantial questions that required further response. Critics criticized compassionate conservation's ethical foundations, scientific credentials, clarity of application, understanding of compassion, its alleged threat to conservation and biodiversity. Some criticisms, we found, are question begging, confused, or overlook conceptual complexity. These criticisms raise questions for critics and proponents, regarding, for example, equal versus differential intrinsic moral value of different sentient animals (including humans), problems of natural and human-caused suffering of wild animals and predation, and the acceptability of specific conservation practices within compassionate conservation. By addressing recurring and faulty critiques of compassionate conservation and identifying issues for compassionate conservation to address, this review provides a clearer basis for crucial ongoing interdisciplinary dialogue about ethics, values, and conservation.