国际环境政策体制评估研究

从政策体制的认知、规范、管制、对象的行为调整和资源环境效应等方面对六个国际环境政策体制进行了初步评估.结果表明臭氧保护和欧洲大气污染防治政策取得了积极成效,国际海洋渔业和种子资源保育政策取得了一定的进展,而气候变化和生物多样性政策迄今停滞不前.因此,为推动国际环境政策体制的发展和优化,至少应深化资源环境问题及其解决方案的认识,强化国际社会的共识,综合运用适宜的管制措施并实践环境治理理念.     

磁性生物炭的合成及对土壤重金属污染的钝化效果

为提高生物炭对土壤重金属的钝化能力,通过温和液相还原再氧化法制备了磁性生物炭材料.利用土壤培养实验,以0%、 0.3%、 0.6%和1.0%(质量分数)的比例向重金属污染土壤中施加磁性生物炭,考察磁性生物炭对土壤重金属污染的钝化修复效果及对土壤理化特性的影响,并对修复机制进行了探讨.结果表明,添加不同比例磁性生物炭后,土壤中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn有效态含量均呈现不同程度的下降,且随着该材料添加比例的增加土壤中重金属有效态降幅随之增加.培养24 d后,Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的钝化效率分别达到了27.52%、 49.55%、 55.83%、 27.33%和26.01%(添加量为1%),但土壤中重金属的形态并没有发生显著变化,可能主要与重金属和生物炭之间相对较弱的结合机制有关.同时,磁性生物炭的添加改善了土壤的理化性质,其中pH值提高0.7个单位,脱氢酶活性提高6倍,过氧化氢酶活性和有机质分别提高37.06%和22.11%.     

秸秆与脱硫石膏配施改良黄河三角洲盐碱地的理化性质

为探索秸秆与脱硫石膏配施改良滨海盐渍化土壤效果,以黄河三角洲地区碱化盐土为研究对象,通过田间小区试验,设置对照(CK)、脱硫石膏(DG)、中量秸杆(MS)、脱硫石膏+低量秸秆(DGLS)、脱硫石膏+中量秸秆(DGMS)和脱硫石膏+高量秸秆(DGHS)共6个处理,结合团聚体分级法比较不同处理下滨海盐碱化土壤容重、总孔隙度、 pH、可溶性盐含量、微生物量碳、溶解性有机碳、新碳和团聚体有机碳的变化.结果发现,MS和DGHS处理显著降低了土壤容重,增加了土壤总孔隙度、含水率和平均重量直径;各处理下土壤pH和碱化度均显著降低,且无显著性差异;DG处理显著降低了土壤钠吸附比,与MS处理相比,DGLS、 DGMS和DGHS处理的土壤钠吸附比有进一步降低的趋势,降幅范围为57%～66%. DGLS、 DGMS和DGHS处理的土壤可溶性Na⁺分别较MS降低27.92%、 32.23%和20.15%,而可溶性Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-含量显著增加;与CK相比,各处理均能显著降低Cl^-含量,且各处理间差异...     

Exploring the linkage between the home domain and absence from work: Health,motivation, or both?

The aim of this study was twofold. First, we examined depleting and enriching effects of employees' home domain (home demands and quality time spent at home) on unscheduled absence from work. Second, we tested the assumption of the medical and withdrawal models that absence duration and frequency are uniquely predicted by respectively health condition and job motivation. We used longitudinal, different‐source data from 1014 employees. The results showed that home quality time was negatively related to absence frequency and duration in the following year through a physical pathway (less physical stress symptoms and health complaints) and through a psychological pathway (less psychological stress symptoms, increased job motivation). Employees with heavy home demands reported more physical and psychological stress symptoms, more health complaints, and lower job motivation. Accordingly, they had longer and more frequent sick leaves in the consecutive year. We conclude that the home domain adds to our understanding of absence from work. In addition, the model including cross pathways between health complaints and job motivation on the one hand, and absence frequency and duration on the other, best fitted the data. Thus, a clear distinction between volitional absence (frequency) and absence due to illness (duration) seems hard to justify. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

企业安全法规在线培训系统

当前,安全法规数量日益增多且更新速度快,传统以单部法规宣贯为特点的培训方式难以调动学员积极性,培训效果欠佳.笔者提出一种安全法规在线培训方法,即通过一种基于在线系统的开放式课程设计方式,促进学员形成有关安全法规适用性、符合性及符合性保持的系统思维.并以此为原理,开发了企业安全法规在线培训系统,利用系统的开放性,在教学过程中以课程设计的形式,将学员分组、分专业进行安全法规适用性识别、符合性评估体系创建及符合性评估,真正做到主动学习,学以致用.系统目前已在多家培训机构使用,应用结果表明在线课程设计的方式可提高学员学习安全法规类课程的积极性,基于web的设计和移动终端的应用使该系统表现出较好的现场应用性,可有效提高企业安全法规类课程的培训效果.     

Dynamic street environment

The research examines the street's physical characteristics that are influenced by the culture in the city of Mashhad, Iran as a case study. It is evident that new developments in the traditional street have mostly eroded the cultural value of the urban environment. The techniques used for data collection include literature review, in-depth interview, questionnaire and field observation. The research outcome indicated, firstly, the street's physical characteristics which were influenced by culture and shaped the street form and function as a corridor to the Holy Shrine, a significant Iranian landmark. It is indicated that culture is a way of life influencing the physical appearance, activities and behavioural aspects that these are important to support human needs, therefore to create a sense of place. Secondly, culture, in line with the physical characteristics, would enhance the uniqueness of the street and its cultural value to support distinctiveness of the street environment. The third finding proves that cultural aspects have a significant role in activating public life and increasing the attractiveness of the street.     

喀斯特小流域不同土地利用方式对土壤物理性状和微生物的影响——以广西都安澄江小流域为例

以广西都安澄江喀斯特小流域为研究单元,分析了不同土地利用方式对土壤表层物理性质和微生物的影响。结果表明:随着自然林地向灌丛地、灌草丛地、草地、人工林地、退耕地和旱地的转变,土壤容重、pH呈增加趋势,而土壤含水量、总孔隙度、电导率逐渐降低。各土地利用方式中,细菌数量最多,均占85%以上,放线菌和真菌相对较少。从总量上看,灌草丛地和草地土壤微生物总量最大,自然林地、灌丛地和旱地次之,退耕地和人工林地最小。各土地利用类型中自然林地和人工林地的土壤微生物多样性指数较高,灌草丛地、草地、灌丛地和退耕地次之,旱地最低。     

100 years running: The need to understand why employee physical activity benefits organizations

Employee physical activity initiatives are commonplace, but management scholarship has not kept pace with theoretical and empirical work to validate such initiatives. In this Incubator, we clarify the employee physical activity construct, present mechanisms linking physical activity to organizationally valued outcomes, and consider the dark side of employee physical activity initiatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

废弃线路板有价金属回收的物理处理工艺

线路板是绝大多数电子产品达到电路互连的不可缺少的主要组成部件,其中蕴合许多有价金属,如铜、铁、铝、锡、铅、金、银等,其回收方法以物理法为主。介绍了目前占主导地位的几种物理法回收技术及工艺流程,并且提出自己的湿法处理工艺。     

物理诱变育种技术在环境工程中的发展及运用

污水的生物处理具有重大意义,生物处理法与物理、化学法相比,具有经济、高效的优点。传统的污水处理技术在处置难降解有毒有机物以及进一步提高效率的过程中遇到了难以克服的困难。因此,诱变育种技术被运用到这一领域以改善这一局面。其中,物理诱变技术以其操作简单经济,突变率高,诱变产物对环境威胁相对较小而受到重视。常见的物理诱变技术主要为γ射线、紫外线和激光等几种方式,近年来,这些诱变技术在处理造纸黑液、脱氮除磷等实际应用方面成果显著。