涉水行业生态影响特点及环境影响评价方法研究

本文分析了国内外涉水行业生态环境影响评价进展,指出涉水行业具有生态环境脆弱、生态系统类型复杂、生态系统敏感等特点,存在工程主体对周边环境影响评价不足、管理层面有效降低生态影响措施较少、评价深度不够、规划综合考虑不足等问题,并分类别提出了对策措施,为今后的涉水行业环境影响评价工作提供借鉴。     

铅酸蓄电池行业重金属污染治理与环境管理研究

铅酸蓄电池行业是当前重金属污染防治重点行业.研究在分析铅酸蓄电池产业各环节环境影响的基础上,对长兴县铅酸蓄电池行业产业环境整治提升行动进行实例案例分析,总结其成功做法和实践经验.最后,研究得出有效实施开展重金属污染防控的政策启示:积极推动产业集聚和绿色改造、开展绿色生产与技术创新、提升监管措施和管理手段和开展全生命周期环境管理.     

农村水污染防治源头控制政策与技术研究

从源头控制农业污染源进入水体,是实现水质提升的重要途径.目前中国农村污水防治政策制度进入强化和完善阶段,但在某些细化领域还存在空白.农村生活污水和畜禽养殖污水的治理技术比较成熟,而农业种植径流、水产养殖污水、坑塘污水等农村污染源,还未有相关的治理技术指南发布.建议从完善政策法规、强化执法和激励,做好农村发展规划,合理安排种植业、养殖业布局,以及加强资金投入与环境监管等方面加强农村水污染防治工作.     

促进供给侧绿色改革的环境政策研究

绿色化是供给侧结构性改革的重要内容.针对供给侧绿色改革的内涵,提出促进供给侧绿色改革的环境政策框架,首先,强化环境准入和退出机制,包括完善环境标准体系和环境监管执法机制,深化环境准入制度改革等;其次,完善资源环境成本内生化机制,包括改革资源环境价格政策,推进财税制度"绿色化",优化生态补偿机制和加快建立绿色金融体系等;最后,建立企业主体参与环境保护的激励机制,包括实施环保领导者制度和绿色供应链管理制度,加快环境治理市场主体培育.为供给侧结构性改革的稳步推进和其他配套政策的研究思路提供一定的参考.     

农民工工伤保险现状及问题分析

通过文献分析和实地调研发现,造成我国农民工工伤保险参保率低、企业逃保、退保率高、申请工伤补偿难度大的原因可分为宏观和微观两个层面:城乡二元户籍制、劳动力供求关系、工伤保险制度等因素客观上使得农民工受歧视,地位低,工伤求偿困难;企业主观上追求短期利益和侥幸心理是构成其逃保、退保的主要因素.可通过优化制度体系、强化政府监管...     

Implementation of the EU environmental noise directive: Lessons from the first phase of strategic noise mapping and action planning in Ireland

The first phase of noise mapping and action planning in Ireland, in accordance with EU Directive 2002/49/EC, is now complete. In total this included one agglomeration, one airport and approximately 600 km of major roads outside the agglomeration. These noise maps describe the level of noise exposure of approximately 1.25 million people. The first phase of noise mapping was dealt with by five noise mapping bodies while 26 action planning authorities were involved in the development of the associated action plans. The second phase of noise mapping, due to be completed in 2012, sees a reduction in the defined thresholds describing the required agglomerations, roads and railways that have to be mapped. This will have a significant impact on the extent of mapping required. In Ireland this will result in an increased number of local authorities being required to develop strategic noise maps for their area along with the further development of associated action plans. It is appropriate at this point to review the work process and results from the first phase of noise mapping in Ireland in order to establish areas that could be improved, throughout the noise mapping project. In this paper a review of the implementation procedures focussing on (dominant) road traffic noise is presented. It is identified that more standardisation is needed and this could be achieved by the establishment of a national expert steering group.     

Assessing the impact of driverless haul trucks in Australian surface mining

Australia has been a leading mining nation and its mines continue to attract substantial investment due to its strong mineral endowment, mining tradition and high skills base. In recent years Australian mining companies have been facing higher labour costs, which need to be offset by other savings. Automating mine-site machinery offers one potential source of such savings.Underground mines pioneered automated technology largely for safety and mine accessibility reasons and to reduce operating costs. Yet these operations now represent a much smaller portion of the total ore tonnes mined due to the changing mining techniques meaning larger lower grade deposits are becoming economic. It appears the future of mine automation will be directed by surface mining as this maturing technology finds further applications above ground and in the next decade large scale open pit automation trials gain more momentum.This paper assesses the implications of introducing driverless haul trucks in a typical large remote Australian open-pit mine. Such automation will save employee and associated costs, increase operational productive hours and ultimately will reduce mine site workforce numbers. While there will be fewer jobs per mine, with reduced costs and higher productivity some previously uneconomic mines may again be profitable.The social implications of greater mine site automation are the reduction in population of remote mining towns and a decrease in the lower skilled labour requirements for the mining sector. There will be an increase in fly-in fly-out mining operations and companies will establish remote control centres for automated mines in larger cities. This may decrease overall labour requirements and so reduce employment in the sector; therefore, the government should be mindful of implementing policies that ensure a fair return on the economic rent of mineral leases.     

中国农业温室气体减排潜力及其政策意涵

通过农业温室气体减排GTAP-E模型及其数据库构建,模拟了中国农业温室气体减排潜力及其政策意涵,其结论为：农业温室气体减排5%,我国GDP将降低0.059%,社会福利将提高11.6亿美元;水稻的价格上升22.08%,其他农作物价格上升2.9%;牛羊类的价格上升163.43%,猪禽类的价格上升0.57%,其他畜产品价格下降0.98%。农业温室气体减排5%降低了我国农产品在国际市场上的竞争力,使得农产品的出口大大下降,但是却提高了其他部门的出口,导致我国净出口增加了45.5亿美元,农业征收排放税的税收收入为223.11亿美元。     

云南省洱海北部地区农田面源污染现状及控制的补偿政策

农田面源污染是洱海富营养化的重要原因之一。本文利用在洱海北部地区收集的实地调研数据,从化肥施用与流失和秸秆利用情况,分析了该地区的农田面源污染现状。结果表明：该地区的农田面源污染主要来源于大蒜田与玉米田的氮磷流失,以及大蒜秸秆与玉米秸秆的焚烧或丢弃。从补偿对象与主体、补偿标准、补偿环节与方式、配套政策四个方面,探讨了农田面源污染控制的补偿政策,并结合在洱海北部地区的实地调研资料,分析了测土配方施肥和秸秆还田两种农田面源污染控制技术采纳的补偿政策案例;提出政府应在基础设施建设、技术指导、教育培训、＂无公害＂农产品市场建设等方面给予政策支持。     

浅析非工程措施在污泥处理项目中的应用

针对我国现阶段污泥处理过程中管理机制不足的问题,通过对城市污水处理厂污泥管理现状的分析,揭示了污泥处理处置过程中暴露出的管理方式弊病;以广东省东莞市污水处理厂污泥管理实践为例,提出污泥处理项目投融资机制和污泥处理成本分担支付机制,可有效实现城市污水处理厂污泥集中处理处置过程的环境效益最大化。