广州名城旅游景观的保护与塑造

针对广州文化名城的历史风貌日趋消失的状况,归纳了7种抢救性的局部保护方法,用以重新塑造广州名城旅游景观的整体形象.     

Maximizing Species Representation under Limited Resources: A New and Efficient Heuristic

The maximal covering species problem (MCSP) is becoming an accepted method for selecting networks of reserves for the preservation of species and their habitats. Drawing on experience with the MC location P (MCLP), we expect that the objective function in the region of the optimum is quite flat. This implies many equal-optimal and near-optimal solutions for any particular problem. We propose a new type of heuristic for the MCSP: an interchange heuristic which frequently provides a better solution than greedy adding heuristics now commonly used. The proposed interchange heuristic, with multiple random starts, gives one a range of alternative sets of sites rather than a single mathematically selected solution, from which a final satisfactory solution can be chosen.     

保留带与造林带水土和养分再分配效应

保留带（ 保留现有灌丛的带状区域）与造林带（ 砍掉现有灌丛用于栽植林木的带状区域） 沿等高线交替配置的生态技术在四川西部逐渐被推广应用,本文定量分析了该技术中保留带与造林带的水土和养分再分配效应．结果表明：①坡度和雨量级是影响保留带与造林带水土流失的重要因子,其越大则水土流失量越大．②保留带净存储水６１ ４６４ ～１２５ １７９ｔｋｍ －２ａ－１ ,拦截土壤２ １３６ ～２ ８１７ｔｋｍ －２ａ－１ ．③保留带表土层的养分比造林带的提高了１４．６８％ ～７４．８９％ ,造林带表土层的养分比对照提高了３ ．３１％ ～１１４．１６％ ．④保留带和造林带内从上至下的表土层养分有逐渐富积的趋势,且保留带与造林带相邻处的养分变化速率最大．⑤保留带通过地表径流的养分流动净积累了５７５ ．５９ ～１ ６９０ ．６６ ｋｇ ｋｍ －２ａ－１有效Ｎ;而对Ｐ、Ｋ 而言,保留带是否能通过地表径流来净积累养分则主要取决于坡度,坡度越大,越有利于保留带通过地表径流来净积累有效Ｐ、Ｋ．     

Do exurban communities want more development?

Most land-use surveys of exurban residents focus on eliciting preferences for residential development and open space conservation. This article, in contrast, reports on a stated preference study of exurban residents that assesses the relative attractiveness of a variety of commercial and recreational land uses. Focus group participants and town planners proclaimed a demand for certain commercial services such as modern grocery stores and fine-dining restaurants, but survey respondents generally exhibit a strong preference for no additional development beyond the current rate of development. Results show that if additional development is to occur, then recreational services are generally preferred over more traditional commercial development. Combining two commercial services in a single development project are strongly preferred to stand-alone developments. Our approach illustrates how planners may uncover misconceptions about and priorities for land conversion through examining residents’ preferences.     

对水中有机磷农药样品保存方法的优化

优化了对水中11种有机磷农药检测的样品保存方法。加标水样在4℃下保存一定时间后,通过液液萃取,气相色谱-质谱（选择离子模式）法测定有机磷农药的回收率。在不加入稳定剂的情况下,水样的保存时间不宜超过16h。为延长样品的保存时间,向水样中加入有机溶剂和pH调节剂作为稳定剂。实验结果表明,当在1000ml样品中加入10ml正己烷和10mlpH=3．6的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液时,可以将样品保存时间延长至48h。为验证方法的有效性,以地表水作为实际水样,加标浓度水平在0．2μg／L和0．04μg／L时,48h后的平均加标回收率在76．2％-95．0％之间,RSD在2．4％-7．2％之间。     

寒区服务区多介质生物滤池污水处理技术应用研究

为解决寒区冬季公路服务区污水处理无法达标的行业难题,通过多介质生物滤池污水处理室内实验研究,发现当温度由30℃降至5℃时,COD去除率变化不大,TN平均去除率呈先下降后上升趋势,经微生物驯化后,两项指标的去除率均可达83.5%以上。在吉林某服务区开展了工程应用研究,采用全过程保温和预热池增温的方式,保障多介质生物滤池冬季水温高于15℃,经2年不同季节连续水质监测,系统出水稳定达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准,COD、NH3-N和TP的去除率均高于96.5%,说明该技术低温处理效果好,抗冲击能力强。     

铁岭柴河水库水源涵养区环境问题及控制对策

简述了柴河水库水源涵养对保护水源水质、改善水质的作用；针对柴河水库水源涵养区氮磷污染、面源污染和生态破坏等存在的主要环境问题，提出了可操作性较强的保护措施。     

略论生态旅游与环境保护

相对动态平衡的生态系统 ,受到以人类为主的干扰而衰退 ,出现了环境问题。生态旅游因环境问题而兴起 ,以保护环境为宗旨 ,是一项可持续发展的新兴产业。以旅游部门为主 ,与自然保护区联手开展生态旅游 ,是达到旅游与环保相辅相成的最佳选择。     

Compensation for wildlife damages: Habitat conversion, species preservation and local welfare

We develop a model of hunting, farming and defensive action to study the environmental and economic consequences of introducing a program to compensate peasants of a small economy for the damage caused by wildlife. We show that the widespread belief that compensation induces wildlife conservation may be erroneous. Compensation can lower the wildlife stock, and may result in a net welfare loss for local people.     

论南京自然地形与古都风貌保护规划

南京有2500年的城市建设历史，有10个朝代先后在此建都。历代政治家，军事家或诗人赞赏南京天然地形为“虎踞龙盘”。南京从定到后来城市几次大的变化都是依据自然山水环境而构思规划。南京城的发展大体可分为四个阶段，城建布局主要走三个轴线。至今我们透过遗存的城基和城廓格局，仍可以感受到源远流长的历史的余韵。南京具有自己独特的山川风貌和文化遗产，其现代规划建设应该做出自己的特色。古城保护与现代城市景观建设历史矛盾尖锐，这是现代南京城市规划建设应该关注的问题。历史上形成“金陵帝王气”的自然地理环境已经遭到破坏。建设城市新区是保存古都风貌的重要措施。规划设想发挥南京的天然与人文景观交融一体化及气度恢弘的古都城特色，划出若干成片的自然风貌景区和历史古迹保护区，东部设钟山玄武湖景区，西部设石头城景区，南部设雨花台景区，北部设幕府山景区，以连绵丘岗山系，河流城濠，明朝城垣和市内林荫大道为骨干，构成古都风貌保护的完整格局体系。