强化管理与污染治理,确保饮用水安全

在总结危及饮用水安全的因素的基础上,提出了饮用水安全的概念,并对其内涵进行分析;指出饮用水安全的属性有3个,即水量有保证、水质要达标和足够的供水能力;从强化管理和加强污染治理方面探讨保障饮用水安全的措施;指出建立有效的环境问责制,将环境指标真正纳入官员考核机制、实施清洁化生产,减少废水排放量和实施新的给水处理工艺是保障饮用水安全的关键。上述管理和治理措施为改善我国饮用水安全状况提供理论依据,对预防及减少突发性水污染事件起到积极的作用。     

2006年促进职业安全与健康框架公约和建议书介绍及相关问题探讨

《2006年促进职业安全与健康框架公约》(C187,2006)和《职业安全与健康框架建议书》(R197,2006)的公布是为了进一步减少全球发生的大量职业性伤病和死亡,保护工人免受因就业而引发的病患和伤害,降低职业性伤病和死亡对劳动生产率和经济与社会发展的负面影响。本文对《公约》及《建议书》的主要内容,包括《公约》中的定义、《公约》制定的目标、国家政策、国家制度、国家计划等进行了详细的介绍和分析,以期继续推广预防性安全健康文化建设。     

我国道路交通事故的基本特点及预防对策

笔者从我国现阶段的交通安全状况出发,分析了我国交通事故的基本特点,并指出当前道路交通安全管理方面的不足之处。在此基础上提出基于交通文化的驾驶员的素质培训与安全教育、培养交通参者的交通安全意识、加大交通安全宣传教育的力度及安全价值观的培养、重视交通道德建设、建立高效的交通事故急救系统等一系列切实可行的交通事故预防对策,为改善我国交通安全状况提供了重要的理论依据,对预防及减少交通事故的发生起到积极的作用。     

安全管理堵与疏(1)——安全管理的经济分析

在安全管理越来越得到重视的今天，安全责任追究力度越来越大，政府和官员对安全管理更多倾向于采取自我保护式的高压和严惩。这种管理模式在各方利益主体的博弈下，使得安全管理的目标与结果产生变异，甚至会产生不愿看到的结果。事实上安全管理制度运行的成本是巨大的，单靠严惩是不能解决问题的。本文运用博弈理论、新制度经济学、信息经济学、机制设计理论等经济学方法，对安全管理的运行机制进行分析，认为安全管理必须理性预防，堵疏结合，通过设计符合客观规律的安全管理运行机制，方能确保安全生产。     

From Trust to Trustworthiness: Why Information is not Enough in the Food Sector

The many well-publicized food scandals in recent years have resulted in a general state of vulnerable trust. As a result, building consumer trust has become an important goal in agri-food policy. In their efforts to protect trust in the agricultural and food sector, governments and industries have tended to consider the problem of trust as merely a matter of informing consumers on risks. In this article, we argue that the food sector better addresses the problem of trust from the perspective of the trustworthiness of the food sector itself. This broad idea for changing the focus of trust is the assumption that if you want to be trusted, you should be trustworthy. To provide a clear understanding of what being trustworthy means within the food sector, we elaborate on both the concept of trust and of responsibility. In this way we show that policy focused on enhancing transparency and providing information to consumers is crucial, but not sufficient for dealing with the problem of consumer trust in the current agri-food context.     

Safety beliefs and safe behavior among midwestern college students

PROBLEM: This study investigated the impact of safety beliefs on safe behavior and the effect of age, gender, class standing, and geographic region on these beliefs and behaviors. It also compares the level of safety beliefs and safe behavior of Midwestern college students in 1993 to those in 2002. METHOD: A total of 1,059 undergraduate students at four Midwestern universities completed the 33-item questionnaire developed by Crowe (J. Saf. Res. 26 (1995) 187) during the spring semester of 2002. RESULTS: Significant main effects for gender and age on safety beliefs and safe behavior were found as well as a significant interaction between gender and age for both outcome variables. The regression model with the independent variables of personal responsibility and gender yielded a multiple R of.58, which explained 34% of the variance of the self-reported safe behavior. Midwestern college students in 2002 were found less safety-conscious in terms of self-reported safety beliefs and safe behavior than those in 1993. DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that safety education of adolescents and young adults in the United States has not been effective, at least for the last decade, or today's social and school environment is less conducive to the students' safe behavior and beliefs than a decade ago. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Proactive multidisciplinary approaches to enhance safe behavior and beliefs of young adults should be made based on critical evaluation of current approaches.     

管式炉煤气爆燃原因分析

对武钢一管式炉２０００年３月２４日发生煤气爆燃事故进行了分析,结合管式炉周围现场情况,提出了避免此类事故再发生的防范措施。     

解放CA1111K2LW型运材汽车转向万向节脱落的原因和预防措施

科学地分析了解放ＣＡ１１１１Ｋ２ＬＷ型运材车转向万向节脱落的主要原因,指出了转向万向节是传递力矩的关键装置,详细地介绍了在不改变万向节上接叉设计情况下,通过在上接叉锁定螺栓接口上加装固定套,使之与方向盘纵杆头花键凹槽紧紧配合的好方法。为避免突发性事故的发生,保障车辆安全行驶,提高车辆使用效率提供了经实践证明了的切实可行的有效措施。     

推行OHSMS过程中管理责任制的探讨

结合石油、天然气行业建立 HSE(健康、安全、环境 )管理体系的实践 ,归纳了在企业推行职业安全卫生管理体系 (OHSMS)过程中运用管理责任制的基本内容 ;根据领导科学和安全科学理论 ,采取与实际分析相结合的方法 ,论述了推行 OHSMS过程中安全管理责任制的必要性、科学性和适用性。     

立足实际 抓住要害《大气污染防治法》作重要修订

介绍修改《大气污染防治法》的重要意义及修改内容。