跨国公司对东道国的环境法律责任问题研究

随着经济全球化的发展,跨国公司的经济影响力剧增,成为众多发展中国家外资的主要来源,然而与之伴随的＂三高＂产业的转移给主要东道国的发展中国家造成了巨大的环境问题,再加上发展中国家地方政府政绩观的错位、公众环保意识的欠缺,这一问题更加凸显,而有限责任的原则使得各跨国公司母公司避开了责任的承担。对此,必须借助＂公司法人格否认＂制度,＂揭开公司面纱＂,将公司是否滥用控制权的举证责任赋予母公司,并考虑环境侵权的特殊性,以无过错责任原则和因果关系推定为基础完善对跨国公司环境法律责任的追究机制。     

Community pressure for green behavior

The desire to avoid rousing community hostility may encourage firms to behave in an environmentally responsible manner. Firms may engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) to maintain community support and/or to regain the support of a community where it has been lost. It has been conjectured that such ‘informal regulation’ could effectively replace formal intervention in some settings, and usefully complement it in others. We explore these conjectures with mixed results. Informal regulation is necessarily less efficient than a well-designed formal alternative and the pattern of green behavior induced by the threat of community hostility may increase or decrease welfare. The existence of community pressure may increase or decrease the optimal calibration of a formal intervention (in this case an environmental tax) and may complement or detract from the incentives generated by an optimally calibrated tax.     

推行安全责任主体考核提高HSE管理水平

结合中国石化高桥分公司推行HSE体系的实践,提出了一系列加强安全管理,提高全体员工HSE意识和理念,并对其安全行为进行约束、规范、考核和纠正的措施.     

责任矩阵在生活必需品应急保障责任评估中的应用

在突发事件生活必需品应急保障工作中开展责任管理与评估,对提高我国的应急保障水平有重要意义。采用责任矩阵的方法,对生活必需品应急保障过程的角色和任务进行了划分,构建了应急保障的责任矩阵,明确了应急保障工作中的责任划分。进而提出了在责任矩阵的基础上完善生活必需品应急保障责任评估的建议,具有一定的积极意义。     

从一起电梯安全质量案例来分析相关的责任主体

对一起典型的电梯安全质量方面的司法技术鉴定案例进行了分析,找出了现场鉴定电梯不符合安全技术规范的具体项目,详细分析了电梯制造、安装、检验、重大维修、维护保养过程中的违反安全技术规范的具体内容,并分析了相关环节责任主体的责任。     

济源市环境空气综合评价及防治对策

通过对济源市2006—2012年近7年空气污染物的监测数据按时间段进行统计,分析济源市7年间二氧化硫、二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物浓度的年际和季节变化特征,并采用Spearman秩相关系数趋势检验对各项污染物浓度变化进行了趋势分析。结果表明:2006—2012年济源市二氧化硫、二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物浓度呈不显著下降趋势,季节变化呈明显的季节特征,冬季污染较重,春夏污染较轻,最后提出相应的防治对策。     

Household self‐blame for disasters: responsibilisation and (un)accountability in decentralised participatory risk governance

The most important theoretical argument concerning decentralised participatory governance is that it can make a government more accountable for the needs of the governed. Key to this process are participatory spaces that act as mechanisms for dialogue between citizens and local government. However, within Cochabamba, a city in the centre of Bolivia, South America, ‘at‐risk’ citizens engage minimally with disaster risk issues in participatory spaces, despite high levels of civic participation. This is because ‘at‐risk’ populations view disasters as a private/household problem that is symptomatic of household error, rather than seeing them as a broader public problem due to wider structural inequalities. Consequently, they redistribute responsibility for disaster risk reduction towards households, which (re)produces the absolution of government authorities as guarantors of disaster risk reduction. This paper challenges the normative assumption that participatory spaces facilitate democratic deliberation of disaster risk reduction and the downward accountability of local government for disaster risk reduction.     

Using conservation science to advance corporate biodiversity accountability

Biodiversity declines threaten the sustainability of global economies and societies. Acknowledging this, businesses are beginning to make commitments to account for and mitigate their influence on biodiversity and report this in sustainability reports. We assessed the top 100 of the 2016 Fortune 500 Global companies' (the Fortune 100) sustainability reports to gauge the current state of corporate biodiversity accountability. Almost half (49) of the Fortune 100 mentioned biodiversity in reports, and 31 made clear biodiversity commitments, of which only 5 were specific, measureable, and time bound. A variety of biodiversity-related activities were disclosed (e.g., managing impacts, restoring biodiversity, and investing in biodiversity), but only 9 companies provided quantitative indicators to verify the magnitude of their activities (e.g., area of habitat restored). No companies reported quantitative biodiversity outcomes, making it difficult to determine whether business actions were of sufficient magnitude to address impacts and were achieving positive outcomes for nature. Conservation science can advance approaches to corporate biodiversity accountability by helping businesses make science-based biodiversity commitments, develop meaningful indicators, and select more targeted activities to address business impacts. With the biodiversity policy super year of 2020 rapidly approaching, now is the time for conservation scientists to engage with and support businesses in playing a critical role in setting the new agenda for a sustainable future for the planet with biodiversity at its heart.     

恶臭污染分析及防治技术

恶臭是一种感觉公害,其产生的嗅觉危害人的身体健康和生活的安宁舒适。阐述了恶臭来源、分类,提出了分析和防治方法,重点介绍了适于自动化控制的光、电化学技术。