协调环境与发展的公共战略决策

以环境与发展综合决策机制为指导，社会经济环境可持续发展为目标，公众参与为行为准则，分析了目前公共战略决策制定过程中较少考虑环境影响的现状，提出了协调环境与发展的公共战略决策，探讨了体现环境与发展协调思想的公共战略决策的内涵和技术方法。     

Identification methods of key contributing factors in crashes with high numbers of fatalities and injuries in China

Objectives: In China, serious road traffic crashes (SRTCs) are those in which there are 10–30 fatalities, 50–100 serious injuries, or a total cost of 50–100 million RMB (U.S.$8–16 M), and particularly serious road traffic crashes (PSRTCs) are those that are more severe or costly. Due to the large number of fatalities and injuries as well as the negative public reaction they elicit, SRTCs and PSRTCs have become of great concern to China during recent years. The aim of this study is to identify the main factors contributing to these road traffic crashes and to propose preventive measures to reduce their number.

Methods: 49 contributing factors of the SRTCs and PSRTCs that occurred from 2007 to 2013 were collected from the database “In-depth investigation and analysis system for major road traffic crashes” (IIASMRTC) and were analyzed through the integrated use of principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to determine the primary and secondary groups of contributing factors.

Results: Speeding and overloading of passengers were the primary contributing factors, featuring in up to 66.3 and 32.6% of accidents, respectively. Two secondary contributing factors were road related: lack of or nonstandard roadside safety infrastructure and slippery roads due to rain, snow, or ice.

Conclusions: The current approach to SRTCs and PSRTCs is focused on the attribution of responsibility and the enforcement of regulations considered relevant to particular SRTCs and PSRTCs. It would be more effective to investigate contributing factors and characteristics of SRTCs and PSRTCs as a whole to provide adequate information for safety interventions in regions where SRTCs and PSRTCs are more common. In addition to mandating a driver training program and publicization of the hazards associated with traffic violations, implementation of speed cameras, speed signs, markings, and vehicle-mounted Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are suggested to reduce speeding of passenger vehicles, while increasing regular checks by traffic police and passenger station staff and improving transportation management to increase income of contractors and drivers are feasible measures to prevent overloading of people. Other promising measures include regular inspection of roadside safety infrastructure and improving skid resistance on dangerous road sections in mountainous areas.     

试论我国环境责任的重构

环境责任的核心是对环境利益的损害予以救济,环境责任理论构建的出发点和落脚点必须围绕环境利益展开,环境责任的定义、特性以及环境责任形式都应以对环境利益的关怀为着力点。依照此思路,文章主张环境责任的特性在于融合性和可转嫁性,环境责任形式可以概括为恢复原态、排除危害和承担损失。     

公路施工期噪声监测方法及防治措施

本文论述了开展公路公路施工期噪声监测方法研究和防治措施的重要意义,提出了公路施工期噪声监测存在的问题,并以汕昆公路板坝至江底段施工期噪声监测为实例,有针对性地提出公路施工期噪声的方法和途径,最后给出了公路施工期噪声防治的措施。     

Common and Conflicting Interests in the Engagements between Conservation Organizations and Corporations

The conservation community increasingly views the corporate sector as a positive force for conservation. Collaborations between corporations and nongovernmental conservation organizations (NGOs) seek to mitigate the negative effects of corporate activities and augment positive conservation outcomes. I reviewed the establishment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies by corporations; the emerging focus on environmental practices and sustainability; and the history of engagement between corporations and nongovernmental organizations. I considered the ethical and reputation vulnerabilities of these collaborations, which depend especially on the financial nature of the relationship and reviewed how CSR approaches have influenced corporate practices. I concluded that whereas CSR practices can act to mitigate negative environmental impact, to date they have had limited positive effect on biodiversity conservation. Intereses Comunes y Conflictivos en los Compromisos entre Organizaciones y Corporaciones de Conservación     

矿用离心式水泵汽蚀的预防措施及排除方法

排水设备作为煤矿四大固定机械设备之一，承担着排除涌水、预防水灾、保障安全的重要任务。其主体设备一离心式水泵汽蚀的高发态势，对矿井安全构成潜在威胁。本文通过对离心式水泵汽蚀机理的阐释，说明了汽蚀的征兆；分析了影响矿用水泵汽蚀的因素；明确了具体的预防措施和排除方法。     

Assessing corporate–community involvement strategies in the Nigerian oil industry: An empirical analysis

The desire of oil companies operating in the Niger Delta to secure their social license to operate, and address their community development obligations, has led in recent years to the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and strategies. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data collected in host communities within the Niger Delta in Nigeria, the paper compares the effectiveness of two different corporate–community involvement strategies. The evidence suggests that while the corporate–community foundation model has certain advantages over the in-house community investment model, both approaches suffer from a common shortcoming that limits the impact of oil companies’ efforts on community development in their host communities. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of the research findings for corporate–community involvement in the Nigerian oil industry.     

论政府生态环境损害赔偿责任的承担

政府承担生态环境损害赔偿责任的理论基础是政府对环境质量负责,政府对环境质量负责的实质是政府作为公共环境的管理者和控制者对维护公共环境利益所负担的安全保障义务。根据政府的环境安全保障义务,政府承担生态环境损害赔偿责任应以过错推定为归责原则,责任构成的核心是政府负有其职责范围内特定的环境安全保障义务,因未尽环境安全保障义务间接引发生态环境损害。由于政府未尽环境安全保障义务的行为并非直接也并不必然导致生态环境损害,所以政府一般仅根据自身行为的可责性及其程度对生态环境损害承担补充性的赔偿责任,只有在特殊情况下才承担连带赔偿责任,在政府不负有特定环境安全保障义务的情况下政府不承担赔偿责任。     

Training of expatriate refugee health workers: Principles and practices

Abstract—This paper describes in detail the separate components of an ideal expatriate refugee health worker training course. Emphasis is given to organizational aspects of such courses.     

把握机遇、开拓防震减灾的新局面——东部沿海地区防震减灾战略研讨班概述

概述了东部沿海地区根据其自身的地震特点与社会特情,如何开展防震减灾工作以及开展防震减灾工作所面临的问题。