CuO强化MFC活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮染料废水及同步产电研究

利用CuO强化微生物燃料电池(MFC)活化过硫酸盐(PDS),提高MFC对偶氮染料的降解率及同步产电性能.考察初始pH、CuO浓度、PDS浓度等因素对降解率及同步产电的影响.实验结果表明,最佳反应条件:初始pH为3.0,CuO浓度为0.6 mmol·L~(-1),PDS浓度为2 mmol·L~(-1)时,反应4 h后MO降解率达到99.3%.比未投加CuO时MO降解率提高12.8%;MFC最大输出功率密度从53.0 mW·m~(-2)增大到103.5 mW·m~(-2),输出功率密度提高1.95倍;对应的表观内阻从484.1Ω减小到318.6Ω,下降幅度达到34.1%.降解机理研究表明,MO降解过程中的主要活性物质为SO~-_4·和少量·OH.反应前后水样的紫外-可见光谱对比显示,MO降解过程中偶氮键率先断裂,然后生成含苯环类的中间产物,最终得到矿化.     

Residential satisfaction among aging people living in place

Residential satisfaction is a significant topic in environmental psychology yet there is little research on residential satisfaction among elders. This research aims to identify the cognitive structure of residential satisfaction of elderly persons living in their own dwellings and to identify demographic and psychological variables related to this residential satisfaction. One hundred and three participants, ranging in age from 72 to 86 years old and living at home in the central France, answered (a) a purpose-developed questionnaire to measure their residential satisfaction, (b) an environmental quality questionnaire aimed at evaluating both the physical and social environments, and (c) several psychological variables including: the ESV, a French adaptation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale which examines the general well-being of aging people; and three single well-being items assessing financial well-being, perceived health, and perception of oneself as active. The results indicated that in this sample, residential satisfaction corresponds to a four-dimension structure organized by physical location rather than psychological or behavioral aspects. The four components were the local area, access to services, relations with neighbors, and the home itself. Satisfaction with each component was related to different predictors, supporting the idea that elders hold complex and nuanced views of their homes and neighborhoods.     

Institutional constraints to adaptive capacity: adaptability to climate change in the Norwegian electricity sector

This article contributes to the understanding of adaptive capacity within national sectors by utilising two perspectives from institutional theory. Resting on data from 21 interviews the paper analyses the Norwegian electricity sector and the influence on adaptive capacity to climate change from changes in formal structure and institutional culture. The sector underwent transformational change between the beginning of the 1980s and mid-2000s, with the reform from 1991 as a watershed, and gradual consolidation from about 2000. From a self-regulated vertically integrated sector with an emphasis on robustness of supply the sector changed into a liberalised and unbundled structure, with economic efficiency as the guiding principle. These changes reduced adaptive capacity to climate change. After 2000, gradually adaptive capacity has increased somewhat. The paper argues that also social contextual factors need to be taken account of, both to understand adaptive capacity to climate change and to provide practitioners with an ability to increase it.     

Fuel poverty and vulnerability in the EU low-carbon transition: the case of renewable electricity

The European Union (EU) and member states alike are following a tradition of addressing fuel poverty and vulnerability at the point of purchase by final consumers by seeking to influence the impact of income, energy price and the built environment on the ability of household consumers to access the energy that they need. By focusing on the conditions of energy transmission in the most rapidly growing renewable electricity sector in the UK – offshore wind – this paper aims to question whether the regulatory socio-technological framing of renewable electricity transmission is reproducing conditions for fuel poverty and vulnerability in the UK. By drawing a comparison with renewable electricity transmission in Bulgaria, this paper argues that the problem might be symptomatic of the EU as a whole. While not arguing against the proliferation of renewable electricity and its importance in meeting the 2020 targets, this paper calls for expanding the scope of fuel poverty alleviation policy throughout the whole renewable electricity supply chain, building on Helm's argument that energy companies at the middle of the supply chain are better suited to deliver fuel policy.     

电凝聚去除微污染源水中浊度的试验研究

用电凝聚对微污染水中浊度的去除效果进行试验，得到比较明显的处理效果；对电凝聚去除浊度的机理进行了探讨．在此基础上对实验数据进行了数学分析。     

山东半岛北部海岸带城乡聚落扩展变化特征与驱动力分析

改革开放以来,山东半岛北部海岸带地区经济发展迅速,城乡聚落扩展明显,快速城镇化过程对区域土地利用和生态环境产生了深刻影响,因此,及时掌握城乡聚落的时空分布和变化特征对于区域可持续发展具有重要意义。论文以RS技术为主要手段,目视解译获取了研究区1986、1992和2004年3个典型时期的城乡聚落空间分布信息,并以此为基础,借助城镇扩展指数、重心、分形维数等指标,定量分析了城乡聚落的扩展特征,进一步探讨了扩展变化的影响因素。结果表明,研究时段内,城乡聚落扩展明显,其重心表现出从东南向西北转移的态势,并且扩展随意性非常大。在此基础上,进一步探讨了地区GDP、人口城市化率和固定资产投资等社会经济因素对城乡聚落扩展的影响。     

以苯酚为燃料的微生物燃料电池产电特性

选取城市污水处理厂的好氧和厌氧混合污泥作为接种液,构建了双极室微生物燃料电池(Microbial fuel cell, MFC),对以葡萄糖、葡萄糖和苯酚、苯酚为不同燃料的MFC进行了有机物降解和产能效果的研究.试验结果表明,以葡萄糖为单一燃料时MFC的启动时间最短,以苯酚为单一燃料时MFC启动时间最长.MFC在不同燃料来源条件下对苯酚去除率均大于85%,COD去除率超过80%.MFC的连续运行试验结果表明,在1000Ω外电阻条件下,以葡萄糖为单一燃料的MFC运行周期最长,可达400h,最大输出电压为551mV,功率密度为 121 mW·m-2(阳极);以葡萄糖和苯酚为混合燃料的MFC运行周期约200h,最大输出电压为208mV,功率密度为 16mW·m-2(阳极);而以苯酚为单一燃料的MFC运行周期仅约为100h,最大输出电压为121mV,功率密度为 6 mW·m-2(阳极).试验结果最终表明,MFC能够利用苯酚作为燃料,在实现高效降解的同时可稳定地向外输出电能,这为酚类难降解有机物的高效低耗处理提供了新的研究思路.     

曝气生物滤池在小区生活污水处理中的应用

居民小区污水的治理是水污染控制领域中一项十分重要的内容。从小区污水处理的特点及国内外通常采用的工艺着手,以实际工程为例,重点介绍了曝气生物滤池工艺在小区污水处理中的设计、调试、运行管理及应注意的问题。     

1株产电假单胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）RE7的分离及特性研究

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)阳极微生物的种类和作用机制对MFC的产电性能有着重要的影响.从已稳定运行1 a的MFC的阳极室分离得到1株电化学活性革兰氏阴性细菌——菌株RE7,其16S rRNA基因序列与Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CMG 587有99%同源性,属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）.利用菌株RE7构建的MFC的稳定产电和循环伏安曲线测定结果都表明,菌株RE7具有较强的电化学活性,利用菌株RE7构建的MFC的最大输出电压为352 mV,相应的最大面积功率密度为69.2 mW/m²,体积最大功率密度为6.2 W/m³.由不同稀释比例的MFC排出液的产电效果比较可知,菌株RE7极有可能是通过自身分泌的氧化还原类物质进行电子传递.     

Assessment of explosion risks caused by cone discharges when filling silos and containers with pellets

It is well known that during the filling of silos and containers with bulk material, so-called cone discharges can occur because of electrostatic charges. Whether or not cone discharges occur at all depends on whether the breakdown field strength of air under atmospheric conditions of 3 MV/m is reached at the silo and container inner wall. This in turn depends on the charge to mass ratio of the bulk, the bulk resistivity, the bulk density, the relative permittivity of the bulk material, the silo or container diameter and the filling rate. If cone discharges can't be avoided, the energy of cone discharges can be estimated according to the equation given in the relevant guidelines TRGS 727 (2016) and IEC/TS 60079-32-1 (2013). Therefore, the coarse fraction must be considered. As soon as the energy of the cone discharge is greater than or equal to the minimum ignition energy of the bulk material introduced, there is a risk of dust explosion. Here the fine fraction of the bulk material is relevant.The investigations described are a practical example how computer models can be used to assess the occurrence of cone discharges. It is calculated for which silo and container diameters and filling rates the critical field strength of 3 MV/m is reached. In these calculations the charge relaxation during pneumatic filling with bulk material is taken into account. The results of the computational modelling together with operational boundary conditions serve as a decision basis whether exclusion of incendive ignition sources is an adequate safety measure or whether further explosion protection measures must be considered. Finally, a brief overview of other possible explosion protection measures is given.