PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMPACTS OF A WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: At a time in history when water resource development in the United States is being condemned as both economically inefficient and an environmental disaster, perhaps economists need to look back at previous development to see what the fruits of water development (be they sweet or sour) have been. The Boise Project of south-western Idaho is 70 years old and to some people it represents a gross error in resource use, while to others it represents a means of livelihood and well being. A recent research project at the University of Idaho attempted to measure not only the direct economic income benefits of the project (from irrigation), but also the indirect or secondary income benefits (from the food processing industry). Periodic regional input-output tables were constructed to assess the income generated from irrigation and food processing over the period from 1946 to 1970. Input-output analysis allowed researchers to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of both the irrigation sector and the food processing sector and to compare their growth over time.     

NORMALIZED AGRICULTURAL PRICES AND WATER RESOURCES PLANNING1

ABSTRACT: Short-term fluctuations in agricultural markets necesitate adjustments in market prices for use in water resources planning. Two procudures for this price normalizing are described and evaluated. The linear treand and weighted average normalizing procedures perform reasonably well, except in cases of dramatic price oscillations.     

OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT AND DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: A possible methodology is developed to deal with the problem of designing complex pipeline systems, when they are subject to different rates of demand, and when a hypothesis of the flow distribution in different branches is not allowed. The mathematical algorithm used in linear programming. The problem, which is not linear, is dealt with by means of an iterative method; that is, by starting with a possible solution and inserting at each iteration the solution found in the preceding iteration. By taking as variables of the problem the piezometric heads of the ends for each branch of the network, the piezometric gradients and flows, and by thus considering the diameter as a derived variable, it is possible to isolate the nonlinearity in the cost function of the network. The latter is linearized each time close to the solution found in the preceding iteration.     

构建促进循环经济型服务业发展的保障体系

循环经济是促进可持续发展的重要手段,服务业近年来在我国发展迅速,由此造成的环境问题也日见突出,用循环经济的理念对服务业进行引导显得很有意义。发展循环型经济、建立循环型社会是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现形式。本文剖析了我国在发展循环经济型服务业方面诸多应改进和进行创新的内容,利用循环经济的理论从行政、法律、经济、社会等方面探讨了循环经济型服务业建设实施的保障体系,为服务业按循环经济的规律运行作了有益的探索。     

运用回归分析测算水口镇商业用地基准地价

惠州市惠城区水口镇原隶属于惠阳市,2003年惠城区行政区划进行了战略性调整,惠阳撤市设区,水口镇划归惠城区管辖, 这样水口镇现执行的基准地价标准(原惠阳标准)需要更新.目前基准地价的评估方法有很多种,通过建立样点地价与土地定级网格单元总分值关系模型,运用回归分析来测算水口镇商业用地基准地价.     

煤矿事故中生命价值经济评价探讨

我国每年都有大量的煤矿事故发生 ,造成数千名矿工死亡 ,对死亡矿工的经济赔偿 ,往往是事故处理的一大难题 ,其主要原因是目前对死亡矿工的赔偿标准偏低。由于赔偿费用低 ,经济赔偿的代价不足 ,以引起威慑和警戒 ,部分煤矿企业仍然不重视安全生产、不珍惜矿工生命 ,从而煤矿伤亡事故不断发生。分析了目前国内外主要的生命价值评价方法和评价结果 ,对煤矿事故中的生命价值进行了研究 ,提出采用净产值推算矿工的生命价值 ,并给出了相应的计算公式和分析实例。分析结果表明 ,目前的赔偿标准不能体现矿工的生命价值 ,二者之间存在相当大的差距     

浅谈森林生态系统服务功能

科学的进步和环境问题的日益突出，使人们愈来愈关注生态系统的服务功能，本文将就森林生态系统服务功能的三个方面，即生态服务功能、生产功能、景观与社会文化功能，做初步探讨，以使人们对其功能有更加全面的认识。     

新疆草地生态价值及其可持续开发利用初探

草地是新疆农业自然资源的重要组成部分,是发展草地畜牧业的重要基础,通过对新疆草地特点阐述以及对草地生态价值的量化研究,本文在新疆草地开发利用现状的基础上,针对新疆14个主要草地区提出了草地开发利用的具体措施。     

我国鲟鱼类资源及其保护与发展途径

鲟鱼类为北半球古老的大型经济鱼类，栖息于太平洋、大西洋和内陆水域，是世界著名的经济鱼类．近年来在有关科研项目的支持下，对我国境内的11种鲟鱼类资源进行了生物学、生态学等方面的一系列调查研究．本文着重论述了鲟鱼类的自然分布、经济与科研价值，分析了资源现状及其衰退原因，并提出今后资源保护与发展的8个途径．     

日本弓背蚁群体结构及其开发价值

本文调查研究了日本弓背蚁的群体结构和生物学特性,并初步探讨了日本弓背蚁的营养价值及其开发利用对策.