WATER LEVEL MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECOLOGICAL BENEFIT,POOL 5 MISSISSIPPI RWER1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the potential to manage Mississippi River water levels for ecological benefits. The study focuses on the Weaver Bottoms, a 4,000 acre backwater marsh in southeastern Minnesota (Pool 5) highly valued for fish and wildlife habitat. The Weaver Bottoms has suffered increasing loss of aquatic vegetation and associated habitat degradation since the 1960s, largely due to persistent high water, sedimentation, wave re-suspension of sediments, and poor light penetration. In other reaches of the Mississippi River, water level reductions exposing backwater sediments have produced strong vegetative responses due to subaerial exposure of seeds and sediment compaction. Water level management scenarios for Pool 5 were developed using the HEC-2 water surface profile model. Results indicate that in many years it would be possible to reduce water levels sufficiently to expose much of the Weaver Bottoms, generating a substantial vegetative response. Additional benefits could be expected since both sediment compaction and increased vegetation would reduce re-suspension of sediments. Shifting management priorities to improve habitat would temporarily impact many river users, including both commercial and recreational boaters. Water level reductions must be coordinated with their needs.     

金鸡岩洗选厂精煤装车仓堵塞的处理

介绍了造成金鸡岩洗选厂精煤装车仓堵塞的原因，通过仓体结构改造及加强给煤放仓装车制度的管理，解决了煤仓堵塞问题，保证了装车正点安全。     

Facilitating landform migration by removing shore protection structures: Opportunities and constraints

Recent studies have identified the need to adapt to climate change by allowing landforms and habitats to migrate landward, although implementation of actual adaptation responses is limited. Removing the barriers that shore protection structures create between coastal and upland habitats can reestablish exchanges of sediment and the ecological functions of the natural ecotone. The potential for removing these structures was evaluated in 12 national parks managed by the U.S. National Park Service. Criteria for removal included condition of structures, influence of natural processes, environmental benefits, public safety, and visitor access and use.We found that 145 structures out of a total of 407 could be removed or allowed to deteriorate. We highlight three adaptation projects that are currently being conducted, two of which involve removing structures. Reasons for not taking a more pro-active approach to removing protection structures include (1) conflicting policy directives; (2) presence of key access roads and critical archaeological and historic sites; (3) lack of data; (4) lack of funds and human resources; (5) reluctance to replace known problems with an unknown set of problems; (6) consideration of visitor desires; and (7) reluctance to allow erosion to occur. Demonstration projects are needed to provide information about adaptation strategies that promote enhancement of ecosystem functions. Projects to remove protection structures are likely to be viewed as successful only if results are specified as a positive product, and the distinction between the concept of loss (erosion of existing landforms and habitats) and the concept of gain (evolution of new landforms and habitats) is made clear.     

大渡河流域川陕哲罗鲑分布与栖息地特征研究

在实地调查和资料分析基础上,对大渡河流域川陕哲罗鲑栖息地及分布进行了量化分析,并对其适宜栖息地保护河段进行了评估与划分。研究表明:(1)1950~2012年,大渡河流域川陕哲罗鲑分布范围持续减少,损失率高达91.4%,强烈的人类活动(如水电开发)成其主要影响因素;(2)川陕哲罗鲑对栖息地生境质量需求较高,适应水温范围较窄(4℃~14℃)。在不同生活史阶段川陕哲罗鲑对于生境的需求存在差异;(3)大渡河上游干流及众多支流对保护川陕哲罗鲑极为重要。在上游适宜划分为川陕哲罗鲑栖息地保护的河段总长度共计2 222.9 km。根据研究结果,我们建议:(1)川陕哲罗鲑栖息地有效保护,不仅应保护其现有分布区域,而且还应涵盖具有较高保护和恢复价值的历史分布和潜在分布空间;(2)尽快开展大渡河河源区川陕哲罗鲑栖息地保护相关规划和研究工作;(3)为协调流域保护和发展,建议建立完善生态补偿机制。     

中国矿业大学污水处理站工艺改造设计和运行

介绍了中国矿业大学生活污水处理系统改造前后及运行情况,对比分析了生物膜法和活性污泥法处理工艺的优、缺点及工艺流程。运行结果表明,与原有工艺相比,改造后的工艺具有操作更简单,管理更方便,效果有保障,成本降低的优点,保证了出水水质达到GB/T 18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。     

2014年秋季大沽河河口浮游植物多样性研究

于2014年9月对大活河口附近海域进行浮游植物监测.共检出浮游植物45种,其中硅藻占93.3％,甲藻占6.7％.浮游植物丰度变化范围为38.5～837.5×104个/m3,平均为273.7×104个/m3.D6点位处丰度最高,D1丰度最低.运用Shannon-Wiener(H’)多样性指数评价,监测站位H’范围为0.94～3.43,平均为1.9.各站位中,生境质量优良站位仅有16.7％,一般的站位占8.3％;差和极差的站位占到75.0％.大沽河河口及附近海域浮游植物群落结构脆弱,生境质量较差.     

基于全过程模式的滇池水污染综合治理对策研究——以官渡区为例

在深入分析滇池水质现状、污染来源、水质演变、污染成因、治理现状及存在问题的基础上,探索滇池水污染源头减排、过程控制、末端治理相结合的全过程治理模式,实现统筹兼顾、系统考虑、多管齐下、长期综合治理,并提出适应新形势需求的滇池水污染综合治理对策.以官渡区为具体实践区,探寻通过“点、线、面”结合,全面开展滇池流域水污染防治,最终实现滇池水体保护,湖泊生态系统良性循环,经济、社会、环境持续协调发展的总体目标.     

废旧橡胶沥青SMA混合料铺设路面结构降噪效果初探

介绍了路面结构降噪物理特性,利用废旧橡胶沥青SMA混合料作为路面结构降噪材料,探索其隔声性能的现场监测方法。选取南京绕城公路一段作为监测路段,对采用普通沥青路面和采用SMA材料的结构降噪路面进行比对监测,结果显示采用SMA材料的结构降噪路面声级值降低1～1.8dB。分析认为交通噪声主要声源为驱动噪声,而驱动噪声中主要噪声部分为排气噪声,所以对于路面行驶噪声的降噪对于交通噪声整体声级的改善作用有限。     

贵州省境内乌江干流水质现状分析

根据贵州省环境监测部门资料显示乌江已成为贵州省水污染程度最为严重的流域,突出的问题是总磷、氟化物超标。本文用最小二乘法模型和t检验方法对贵州省境内乌江干流2006—2013年水质状况进行分析,结果表明乌江干流总磷、氨氮、氟化物,高锰盐指数浓度变化趋式为"无趋势",乌江干流水质稳定,并提出流域污染防治的对策和建议。