我国排污权交易落实的现实要求及有效性分析

从排污权基本概念出发，在分析我国进行排污权交易必要性的基础上，提出进行交易还存在的问题，并给出相应的建议。     

On Seeing “Places” for What They Are,and Not What We Want Them to Be

For more than 40 years, scholars have been investigating psychological and communicative implications for the concept of place. During that time, a variety of methods have been employed, yet often without an obvious concern for the extent to which investigative conclusions match perceptions held by respondents who originally generate data the analyses rely upon. Although this distinction between actors’ and informants’ meanings for place is a subject most in the field of environmental communication encounter in their formative education, the actual practice of place-based research sometimes fails to adequately address the issue. Thus, the following commentary explores various threats to representational validity and suggests a number of areas we researchers should consider when conducting our place-based studies. In urging ourselves to rise to the challenge of self-skepticism, I hope my analysis provides a modestly novel take on empiricism regarding what places mean to those we study.     

瓦斯浓度区间预测的灰色聚类与高斯过程模型

为有效分析矿井瓦斯监测数据,以实现准确、可靠的瓦斯浓度预测,基于灰色关联聚类分析与高斯过程回归模型,研究瓦斯浓度时间序列分析与预测的方法。以预测有效度为预测精度的评估指标来动态确定重构瓦斯浓度时间序列样本空间的维数;应用灰色关联分析方法将瓦斯浓度时间序列划分成若干样本集,将其中具有关联特征的样本作为虚拟变量进行预测以消除因随机、不确定因素干扰而引起的预测误差;应用高斯过程回归模型实现瓦斯浓度区间预测,将预测结果表示成一个具有较高可信度的取值区间,以此表达对未来一段时间内瓦斯浓度动态变化情况的预测。实例分析表明:预测结果准确、可靠,能够较好地反映瓦斯浓度的实际变化状况。     

基于结构方程模型的安全文化影响因子分析

为进一步研究安全文化,采用结构方程模型(SEM)对安全文化的关键要素、构成因子以及因子间的因果关系进行研究。利用SPSS对山东4个国有煤矿355名员工安全文化定量测量数据进行分析。采用主成分抽取方法对安全文化关键要素进行因子分析,抽取特征根大于1的5个因子,解释变量的累积百分比为69.35%。同时运用结构方程模型软件(AMOS)构建安全文化结构模型以及安全文化因子间因果关系结构模型,证实领导责任因子对安全理念、安全认知和员工参与有直接正面影响。其中,对安全认知的影响最为显著(其路径系数为0.76);领导责任因子对安全业绩具有间接正面影响;安全理念、安全认知和员工参与对安全业绩具有直接正面影响。     

The overgeneralized validity of validity generalization

This Incubator contends that the concept of validity generalization has been overgeneralized in its capacity to predict work performance for three reasons: sampling bias in the occupations selected for analysis, the prediction of acceptable performance to the exclusion of superior performance, and the conflation of statistical prediction and psychological meaning. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

General and specific measures in organizational behavior research: Considerations,examples, and recommendations for researchers

Deliberation over and relative preference for general or specific (broad or narrow) constructs has long been an important issue in organizational behavior research. In this article, we provide a review of this general issue and some specific recommendations for researchers. We begin by discussing whether the general versus specific issue is an important debate and by discussing other underlying issues (the role of researcher preferences, distinction between reflective and formative indicators, and distinction between constructs and measures of constructs). Building on Chen's (this issue) analysis of core self‐evaluations, we first discuss how the general–specific debate has progressed in core self‐evaluations research. We then discuss three other important areas in which this debate has played out: intelligence, five‐factor model of personality, and job attitudes. Finally, we offer a framework to help guide decisions about whether to utilize general measures, specific measures, or both and conclude by providing recommendations for the use of general and specific measures in organizational behavior research. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

以空气和废气中颗粒物和SO2监测为例分析便携式监测设备进行环境执法的认证体系及方法支撑

在中国,快速有效的环境监测执法需求越来越急迫,特别是在出现疫情与地质灾害等特殊时期,便携式快速监测仪器能更好地保证执法的时效性,但应用上却在执法环节一直受到监测数据合法性及标准方法等问题的困扰。笔者首先采用关键词频统计法研究了便携式环境监测设备相关领域的研究热点,在此基础上基于执法机构实践,调研了解了中国现行常规环境监测仪器设备质控和认证流程,指出便携监测与常规流程不匹配之处,以空气和废气中颗粒物和SO_2监测为例系统梳理了方法标准、质控、论证等内容,分析论证便携式设备在环境执法中数据有效性的问题,并针对便携监测设备的型式批准、强检、监测方法和数据合法性认定等问题提出具体建议。     

铀尾矿滩面氡析出率与环境因素的灰色关联度分析

通过对衡阳市某铀尾矿滩面的氡析出率、大气温度、大气湿度、气压、γ剂量率、土壤含水率等环境物理量进行监测采集。应用灰色关联度分析法计算分析了其中各因素与氡析出率的关联度,结果发现在分辨系数为0.5的条件下,大气温度、大气湿度、气压、γ剂量率及土壤含水率与氡析出率的关联度分别为0.550 1,0.476 1,0.631 5,0.748 2和0.485 9,其中γ吸收剂量率对氡析出率关联度最大;而大气湿度的关联度最小。结合氡析出率的影响因素具有多重性的特点,试验研究成果可为以后探索氡析出率与各环境指标量的数学关系提供重要参考。     

Three reasons to use annual payments in contingent valuation surveys: Convergent validity,discount rates,and mental accounting

We present three arguments for using ongoing annual payments in contingent valuation (CV) surveys that estimate the benefit of a long-lasting environmental improvement. First, by matching the duration of the payments with the duration of the environmental benefits, survey respondents are spared from performing complicated present value calculations. Second, willingness to pay (WTP) estimates from CV surveys that include ongoing annual payments best match WTP estimates obtained using travel cost surveys. Third, respondents are less likely to face binding mental budget constraints with ongoing annual payments than with a larger one-time payment. In addition, respondents’ discount rates may be estimated by collecting non-hypothetical, individual time preference data as part of the valuation survey.     

Developing a Questionnaire for Measuring Safety Climate in the Workplace in Serbia

This study was conducted because a real method for measuring safety climate had never been developed and assessed in Serbian industry. The aim of this paper was to start the process of developing a safety climate questionnaire that could be used in Serbia. As a starting point a 21-item questionnaire was adopted after an extensive literature review. The questionnaire was distributed at several Serbian factories; 1098 workers responded. After a statistical analysis of the data obtained with the questionnaire and a critical comparison with the available reference results, a final questionnaire with 21 questions, divided into 7 groups, was developed. The 7 groups of questions (factors) were safety awareness and competence, safety communication, organizational environment, management support, risk judgment and management reaction, safety precautions and accident prevention, and safety training.