西北干旱地区地下水放射性环境污染及防治研究--以内蒙古东乌旗地区为例

以东乌旗地区为例，研究了西北地区地下水放射性环境问题。结果表明：东乌旗地区地下水存在严重的放射性污染，花岗岩裂隙水、砂岩承压水和潜水达标率分别为8％、14％和45％；放射性铀、氡污染主要原因为铀矿化扩散成因、淋漓花岗岩成因和蒸发浓缩成因；处理本地区地下水铀污染的合理方法为阴离子交换树脂吸附法；地下水中氡有两面性，一方面饮用水中氡含量超标，给人体带来危害，只需将其露天放置一星期或加温煮沸即可达到饮用水标准；另一方面氡浴又有利于人体的健康。     

云南九大高原湖泊水体放射性状况调查研究

文章报道了2005年度分平水期和枯水期对云南省九大高原湖泊水体放射性状况进行的调查研究结果。本次行动初步调查清楚了2005年九湖核素浓度(U、Th、~(226)Ra、~(40)K)总α和总β值的区域最大值。调查结果表明,这九大高原湖泊水体的放射性核素浓度基本属正常本底水平,没有受到人工放射性的污染。     

上海市土壤中人工放射性水平调查及评价

调查了１９８９－１９９０年上海市土壤中及黄浦江水系底泥中，人工放射性核素的含量。调查共设３２个点，结果表明，上海市土壤中的人工放射性核素含量，＾９０Ｓｒ、＾１３７Ｃｓ、总β的比活度均值分别为２、４１±０．７８、３．１４±１．４７、７１７．０±１３５．９Ｂｑ／ｋｇ，属正常本底水平。土壤中人工放射性核素的比活度在全市范围内分布没有明显差别，波动范围不大。土壤中＾１３７Ｃｓ的比活度比＾９０Ｓｒ高，这与土     

上海天然水中铀含量

一分析仪对上海市天然水体中的铀含量进行了１０年连续监测，并比较了不同水体的铀含量，描述了其分布及其变化情况。结果表明，上海天然水体中铀含量的范围为０．０５－０８９μｇ＝Ｌ，属我国天然水铀含量本底范围。     

Long term investigation of 137Cs in chicken meat and eggs from northwest Croatia

Abstract

This paper presents the results of long-term investigations of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in chicken meat and eggs from northwest Croatia for the period 1987–2018. The research has been done as a part of monitoring program of radioactive contamination in Croatia. The highest activity concentrations in both of these foodstuffs were measured in 1987 and have been decreasing exponentially ever since. The Fukushima-Daiichi accident in 2011 did not cause any increase of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations. The ecological half-life for ¹³⁷Cs was estimated to be 8.0 and 8.4?years for chicken meat and eggs respectively. The correlation between ¹³⁷Cs in fallout and chicken meat as well as between ¹³⁷Cs in fallout and eggs is very good, the respective correlation coefficients being 0.79 and 0.72, indicating that fallout was the main source of ¹³⁷Cs contamination in both foodstuffs. The estimated effective doses received by adult members of the Croatian population due to the intake of radiocaesium by chicken meat and egg consumption for the overall observed period are very small, 2.0 and 0.6 µSv respectively. Therefore, chicken meat and chicken egg consumption was not a critical pathway for the transfer of radiocaesium to humans.     

放射性废水处理技术研究进展

强调了放射性废水处理技术研究的重要性,系统综述了国内外各种放射性废水处理技术的工艺、原理,并对其适用条件、优缺点等进行了分析探讨,介绍了国外的最新研究成果.指出多种处理技术的联合使用将取得较好效果,而采用闭路循环、提高利用效率才是最终出路.     

燃煤电厂粉煤灰放射性污染影响及其控制管理技术研究

分析了放射性物质在燃煤中的富集规律，介绍了粉煤灰中放射性物质的污染影响途径，介绍了天然放射性核素含量的测量方法以及检测标准，并对减少粉煤灰放射性污染提了几点建议。     

大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus Pectinirostris)作为放射性核素指示物的研究

以大弹涂鱼为对象,模拟其两栖生活的环境,采用示踪法并用S-80智能多道分析器与Ge(Li)探头研究了大弹涂鱼的整体及其组织器官对~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co的富集与排出.探讨了其积累量、残留量与海水中核素浓度的相关性,推荐性腺、肌肉、头部作为监测海洋中~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co污染的生物指示物.     

The radioactivity measurements in soils and fertilizers using gamma spectrometry technique

Because of their mineral content, soils are naturally radioactive and one of the sources of radioactivity other than those of natural origin is mainly due to the extensive use of fertilizers. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the fluxes of natural radionuclides in local production of phosphate fertilizers to determine the content of radioactivity in several commercial fertilizers produced in Algeria and to estimate their radiological impact in a cultivated soil even for the long-term exposure due to their application.For these purposes, virgin and fertilized soils were collected from outlying Setif region in Algeria and from phosphate fertilizers used in this area.Gamma spectrometry was exploited to determine activity concentration due to naturally occurring ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K in five types of samples (two different sorts of fertilizers, virgin and fertilized soils and well water used for irrigation) taken from Setif’s areas.The results show that these radionuclides were present in an average concentration of 134.7 ± 24.1, 131.8 ± 16.7, 11644 ± 550 Bq/kg for the first fertilizer NPK and 190.3 ± 30, 117.2 ± 10.3, 5312 ± 249 Bq/kg for the second fertilizer (NPKs). For the virgin and the fertilized soils, the corresponding values were respectively 47.01 ± 7.3, 33 ± 7, 329.4 ± 19.7 Bq/kg and 53.2 ± 10.6, 50.0 ± 7, 311.4 ± 18.7 Bq/kg. For well water, the values were 1.93 and 0.12 Bq/kg; however the third value was below the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA).The radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and the representative level index I_γr for all samples were also calculated. The data were discussed and compared with those given in the literature.     

Evaluation of natural radioactivity in soil, sediment and water samples of Niger Delta (Biseni) flood plain lakes, Nigeria

This paper presents the findings of a baseline study undertaken to evaluate the natural radioactivity levels in soil, sediment and water samples in four flood plain lakes of the Niger Delta using a hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity profile of radionuclides shows low activity across the study area. The mean activity level of the natural radionuclides ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K is 20 ± 3, 20 ± 3 and 180 ± 50 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. These values are well within values reported elsewhere in the country and in other countries with similar environments. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The mean values obtained are, 76 ± 14 Bq kg⁻¹, 30 ± 5.5 ηGy h⁻¹, 37 ± 6.8 μSv y⁻¹, 0.17 and 0.23 for Radium Equivalent Activity (Ra_eq), Absorbed Dose Rates (D), Annual Effective Dose Rates (E_ff Dose), External Hazard Index (H_ex) and Internal Hazard Index (H_in) respectively. All the health hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any significant radiological threat to the population. The water is radiologically safe for domestic and industrial use. The paper recommends further studies to estimate internal and external doses from other suspected radiological sources to the population of the Biseni kingdom.