浙江省土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值

以浙江省农业地质环境调查取得的区域地球化学资料为依据,遵循地球化学背景值的基本概念,根据成土母质类型将土壤地球化学基准值划分成13个统计单元,土壤环境背景值以浙北杭嘉湖与宁绍平原、浙东沿海温黄与温瑞平原、浙中金衢盆地为统计单元,在反复剔除异常值后,获得52种元素(氧化物)的平均值、标准差和变异系数,为区域土壤环境质量标准的制订、土壤污染评价与修复提供了重要的地球化学依据.     

马兰黄土中与三氮有关的微生物的分布及其反硝化能力

选择关中盆地马兰黄土为研究对象,采用平板菌落计数法研究了与三氮转化有关的微生物在0～9 m剖面上的垂直分布.结果表明,剖面上氨化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、固氮菌分别为克土106～1010、101～103、103～108、103～105个.在试验区剖面7 m处的土壤中存在着反硝化菌富集区,数量达克土108个.对此层位土壤进行了反硝化能力实验,结果表明,马兰黄土反硝化作用最适宜温度为22 ℃和37 ℃,碳源的存在可大大提高反硝化速率,但改变碳氮比对反硝化速率影响不大.在15 ℃、无外界供给碳源、硝酸根初始质量浓度为56 mg/L情况下,反硝化菌对硝酸根的降解作用符合方程y=-2.682 8x 60.979,回归系数R=0.960 9.该反硝化菌富集区的存在为研究包气带中三氮转化提供了重要信息.     

利用煤矿塌陷盆地处理矿区生活污水和井下水

论述了利用煤矿塌陷盆地作为氧化塘和土地处理系统处理煤矿井下水和矿区生活污水的工艺原理、特点、工程设计及其产生的社会和环境效益。     

The effects of drainage basin geomorphometry on minimum low flow discharge: the study of small watershed in Kelang River Valley in Peninsular Malaysia

This study investigate the relationships between genomorphometric properties and the minimum low flow dischare of undisturbed drainage basins in the Taman BukitCahaya Seri Alam Forest Reserve,Peninsular Malaysia.The drainage basins selected were third-order basins so as to facilitate a common base for sampling and performing an unbiased statistical analyses.Three levels of relationships were observed in the study.Significant relationships exised between the genomorphometric properties as shown by the correlation network analysis;secondly,individual geomorphometric properties were observed to influence minimum flow discharge;and finally,the multiple regression model set up showed that minimum flow discharge(Qnub)was dependent of basin area(AU),stream length(LS),maximum relief(Hmax),average relief (HAV) and stream frequency(SF).These findings further enforced other studies of this nature that drainage basins were dynamic and functional entities whose operations were governed by complex interrelationships occurring within the basins.Changes to any of the geomorphometric properties would influence their role as basin regulators thus influencing a change in basin response.In the case of the basin‘s minimum low flow,a change in any of the properties considered in the regression model influenced the “time to peak”of flow.A shorter time period would mean higher discharge,which is generally considered the prerquisite to flooding.This research also conclude that the role of geomorphometric properties to control the water supply within the stream through out the year even though during the drought and less precipitations months .Drainage basins are sensitive entities and any deterioratons involve will generate reciprocals and response to water supply as well as the habitat within the areas.     

吐鲁番盆地水资源利用对策初探

就干旱缺水的吐鲁番盆地水资源利用问题提出了一些建议。     

汶川地震盆地效应的思考与建议

通过实地考察及资料搜集,统计分析了汶川地震中地貌以及局部场地条件对震害的影响。根据受灾城市所在地理位置的不同,将城市分为盆地内部(成都)、盆地边缘(都江堰、绵竹、江油、什邡)、盆地外部(北川)3类,分别统计了震害情况,分析了震害原因。发现在这次地震中盆地效应尤其明显,盆地边缘震害比较严重;盆地中部震害较轻;山区的震害比平原的严重,尤其是在两个距离比较近的山体之间的地区,除了地震灾害之外,滑坡、泥石流等次生灾害也很严重。最后对建筑抗震设计提出了几点建议。     

"女儿国"探秘

《西游记》里有个神秘的“女儿国”,据说这里世代尽出美人,那么,它到底在哪?现在女儿国的情况怎样?     

延庆—怀来盆地地震动盆地效应研究

综合分析延庆—怀来盆地地震危险性,确定潜在发震断裂为延矾盆地北缘断裂的屈家窑—方家冲段,震级为7.0级。基于延庆—怀来盆地含地表厚沉积层的三维结构模型,设置两种破裂模式进行设定地震的地震动模拟研究盆地结构对地震动的放大效应,发现盆地浅层的沉积结构对较短周期段的地震动影响更为显著,较大的放大系数通常对应着较大的第四系厚度,最大放大系数位于延庆盆地。     

金塔盆地鸳鸯池灌区地下水水化学特征及控制因素

为研究金塔盆地鸳鸯池灌区地下水水化学特征及控制因素,采集浅层地下水(201组)和中深层地下水(5组)样品,综合运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比值关系和因子分析等方法,分析了该区地下水水化学特征、水文地球化学过程以及影响因素.结果表明,研究区浅层孔隙水整体呈弱碱性,ρ(TDS)变化范围328.4～12 400 mg·L^-1;阴阳离子分别以SO₄^2-和Mg²⁺/Na⁺为主.研究区地下水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Mg型、SO₄·HCO₃-Mg型、SO₄-Mg·Na型和SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg型.中深层孔隙水p H均值为8.47,较浅层孔隙水高,属弱碱性水,ρ(TDS)变化范围339.0～493.8 mg·L^-1,水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Mg型.研究区地下水水化学特...