广东省省控重点源管理思路和做法

我省污染源数量众多,许多企业环保部门监管不到位,基层环保部门执法也受到种种干预。省环保厅制定省控污染源,直接监控,强化监督,起到事半功倍作用。     

警惕外来生物物种入侵

近日，据中国农业科学院发布最新调查报告显示：目前入侵我国的外来生物物种已超过500种。已产生明显经济和生态危害的、具有潜在威胁与危险性、可能导致严重危害的入侵生物大约有300多种。     

Biotic Ligand Model的简化模型及预测性能评价

通过检索4物种(Fathead minnow、D.magna、D.pulex、Rainbow trout)在地表水中实测的铜半致死浓度(Observed_LC50),及Biotic Ligand Model(BLM)预测其半致死浓度(Predicted_LC50),得到4物种的预测精度依次为0.075、0.52、0.96、0.29,模型对Fathead minnow与Rainbow trout的预测性能较差.在此基础上,分析显示预测误差值与LA50呈指数关系,表明LA50值并非常数值.通过对BLM的LA50的校正,Fathead minnow与Rainbow trout的预测精度升为0.59、0.42.通过分析LA50与硬度的关系,发现BLM在软水环境中预测效果较差.另外,随机均匀生成500组水质参数组,通过BLM预测,筛选出4项敏感参数为DOC、pH、HCO-3浓度及温度,并建立相应物种的LC50与其的多元线性关系,大大简化了生物配位模型.     

南京北郊夏季近地层臭氧及其前体物体积分数变化特征

南京北郊,钢铁、石化等重工业集中,大气污染现状不容乐观.为了研究此类重工业地区夏季光化学污染特征,于2013年5月18日~8月31日连续观测了臭氧及其前体物的浓度并同时记录了常规气象要素.结果表明,观测期间臭氧(O3)、氮氧化物(NOx)和挥发性有机物(VOCs)平均体积分数分别为(32.01±15.20)×10-9、(21.50±14.02)×10-9、(33.16±25.20)×10-9,一氧化碳(CO)为(0.66±0.44)×10-6;O3体积分数小时均值最大值达146.42×10-9;O3超过国家环境空气质量二级标准14.1%.对污染物进行浓度频率分布近似得到观测期间O3、NOx和VOCs背景体积分数分别为(5.71±2.51)×10-9、(12.20±0.36)×10-9和(22.44±0.38)×10-9,CO为(0.28±0.01)×10-6.观测点污染物受周边排放源的影响较大.在风速为2~3 m·s-1的西南风作用下,VOCs中的活性物种体积分数较高,O3体积分数容易累积达到高值;偏东风主导下主要来自周边工业源和交通源的NOx、CO和VOCs体积分数易出现高值.南京亚青期间对工业生产和部分机动车采取了调控措施,O3体积分数未明显减少,并有4 d超过国家二级标准.     

GeoChip-based analysis of the microbial community functional structures in simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification process

The elemental sulfur （S^0） recover）, was evaluated in the presence of hi,ate in two development models of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （SDD） process. At the loading rates of 0.9 kg S/（m^3.day） for sulfide and 0.4 kg N/（m^3.day） for nitrate, SO conversion rate was 91.1% in denitrifying sulfide removal （DSR） model which was higher than in integrated simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification （ISDD） model （25.6%）. A comprehensive analysis of functional diversity, structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities was examined in two models by using functional gene array （GeoChip 2.0）. GeoChip data indicated that diversity indices, community structure, and abundance of functional genes were distinct between two models. Diversity indices （Simpson＇s diversity index （1/D） and Shannon-Weaver index （H′）） of all detected genes showed that with elevated infiuent loading rate, the functional diversity decreased in ISDD model but increased in DSR model. In contrast to ISDD model, the overall abundance of dsr genes was lower in DSR model, while some functional genes targeting from nitrate-reducing sulfide-oxidizingbacteria {NR-SOB）, such as Thiobacillus denitrficans, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, and Paracoccus pantotrophus were more abundant in DSR model which were highly associated with the change of SO conversion rate obtained in two models. The results obtained in this study provide additional insights into the microbial metabolic mechanisms involved in ISDD and DSR models, which in turn will improve the overall performance of SDD process.     

中空纤维膜生物反应器处理VOCs废气

采用聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜生物反应器(HFMBR)对二甲苯、乙酸乙酯单一废气以及复合废气的净化性能进行了研究。结果表明:HFMBR处理单一气态污染物,气体停留时间t控制为10 s,二甲苯进口浓度为1 882 mg/m3时,降解效率(RE)为69%,最大生化降解量ECmax为469.7 g/(m3·h);而乙酸乙酯进口浓度为1 944 mg/m3时,RE为80%,ECmax为559.9 g/(m3·h)。HFMBR处理复合废气,气体停留时间t控制为10 s,复合气体中二甲苯、乙酸乙酯浓度各为1 920 mg/m3、2 017 mg/m3时,二甲苯RE仅为44%,ECmax下降至301.1 g/(m3·h);而乙酸乙酯的RE为70%,ECmax仍高达509.7 g/(m3·h)。高浓度乙酸乙酯的存在对二甲苯产生了抑制作用,而二甲苯几乎不对乙酸乙酯产生影响。     

A comparison on the phytoremediation ability of triazophos by different macrophytes

The strategy of choosing suitable plants should receive great performance in phytoremediation of surface water polluted by triazophos(O,O-diethyl-O-(1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-base) sulfur phosphate, TAP), which is an organophosphorus pesticide widespread applied for agriculture in China and moderately toxic to higher animal and fish. The tolerance, uptake, transformation and removal of TAP by twelve species of macrophytes were examined in a hydroponic system and a comprehensive score(CS) of five parameters(relative growth rate(RGR), biomass, root/shoot ratio, removal capacity(RC), and bio-concentration factor(BCF)) by factor analysis was employed to screen the potential macrophyte species for TAP phytoremediation. The results showed that Thalia dealbata, Cyperus alternifolius, Canna indica and Acorus calamus had higher RGR values, indicating these four species having stronger growth capacity under TAP stress. The higher RC loading in Iris pseudacorus and Cyperus rotundus were 42.11 and 24.63 μg/(g fw·day), respectively. The highest values of BCF occurred in A. calamus(1.17), and TF occurred in Eichhornia crassipes(2.14). Biomass and root/shoot ratio of plant showed significant positive correlation with first-order kinetic constant of TAP removal in the hydroponic system, indicating that plant biomass and root system play important roles in remediation of TAP. Five plant species including C. alternifolius, A. calamus, T. dealbata, C. indica and Typha orientalis, which owned higher CS, would be potential species for TAP phytoremediation of contaminated water bodies.     

被动采样/热脱附/GC-MS法测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量

建立了吸附管被动采样-热脱附解吸气相色谱质谱联用测定环境空气中挥发性有机物暴露量的采样、分析方法。14种挥发性有机物的检出限为0.002~0.005 ng/h。该法采样无需动力,具有简单、方便、灵敏度高等特点,可广泛应用于环境气体的监测。