秦山核电站邻近水域海水光的穿透性能变化研究

本文运用水体可见光的传输机理，讨论了光的传输特性与水中悬浮泥沙，色素和黄色物质的定量关系。同时简述了在秦山核电站邻近海域１９９５年１０月￣１９９６年７月间４个航次的有关水光学特征现场测量过程和实验室分析方法。最后，通过水体中太阳光透透深度和真空层，研究了该邻近海域的光穿透性能的季节性变化。研究表明，核电站运行以来，秦山核电站邻近海域水的光穿透性能变化很小。     

Ni2+对2-氯酚厌氧降解系统的影响

针对重金属对难降解有毒有机物厌氧降解的影响问题,采用间歇试验法研究Ni2 对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解系统的影响规律.结果表明,当ρ(Ni2 )＜5 mg/L时,Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解表现出轻度促进,当ρ(Ni2 )为5～500 mg/L,Ni2 以抑制作用为主,抑制作用随ρ(Ni2 )的增加而增强.Ni2 对原基质及关键中间产物苯酚和苯甲酸的抑制程度表现为:苯酚＞苯甲酸＞2-CP;ρ(Ni2 )低时的驯化能有效提高厌氧污泥对Ni2 毒性的耐受性能,300 mg/L Ni2 对2-CP降解的抑制从驯化前的65%降至驯化后的21%.Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制作用与污泥中Ni的截留量之间存在正相关关系.抑制浓度CIP值和方程αC=[1-(I/I*)m]/[1 (I/I*)n)]能较好地表征厌氧生物处理过程受抑制程度.     

一种超声速气体冲击射流噪声的屏蔽抑制方法

根据对冲击射流离散频率噪声产生的反馈机理的认识，提出了一种能够有效地破坏反馈环的形成，从而抑制冲击射流离散频率噪声的喷嘴屏蔽方法。这种方法是通过阻隔反馈声波使其不能到达喷嘴唇口、同时屏蔽物不与射流接触来实现降噪的目的，实验结果表明，对于合适的屏蔽罩参数，正常降噪效果达5dB以上。分析表明这种降噪方法对射流冲击平板的推力和除尘除水效率的提高有帮助。     

城市光环境污染及控制对策

该文综述了城市光环境污染的类型、产生的原因及主要危害，同时提出了治理光环境污染的控制对策。     

用呼吸仪监测取代酚类化合物对活性污泥的抑制

应用呼吸仪测定活性污泥中微生物的活性。研究了九种取代酚对微生物活性的影响,发现抑制效应与有机物的正辛醇-水分配系数、最低未占轨道能级有着相关联系,并发现取代酚对活性污泥硝化细菌比起异养细菌有着更强的抑制。生物膜比活性污泥具有更好的耐抑制能力,驯化对抗抑制有明显的效果,增大污泥浓度在一定程度上可以减轻毒害。     

氯化钠抑制下乙酸厌氧降解的动力学模型

作者利用五个实验室规模的完全混合反应器进行较长时间的半连续培养,研究在氯化钠抑制下乙酸盐的厌氧降解。结果表明,在不同条件下运行的反应器内,存在优势菌群的显著差异,因此在不同条件下运行的反应器对抑制有不同的响应。作者引入抑制因子的概念,建立了在氯化钠抑制下乙酸厌氧降解的动力学模型。同时指出反应器运行条件与菌群组成的联系以及菌群组成的差别对反应器运行状况的影响,在废水生物处理的动力学模型研究中应给予足够的重视。     

Fulvic acid removal by nanoparticle TiO2 using a submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor

The degradation of fulvic acid（FA） by nanoparticle TiO2 in a submerged membrane photocatalysis（SMPC） reactor was studied. In this reactor, photocatalytic oxidation and membrane separation co-occured. The continuous air supplier provided O2 for the photocatalytical reaction and mixed the solution through an airflow controller. The particle TiO2 could automatically settle due to gravity without particle agglomeration so it could be easily separated by microfiltration（MF） membrane. It was efficient to maintain high flux of membranes. The effects of operational parameters on the photocatalytic oxidation rate of FA were investigated. Results indicated that photocatalyst at 0.5 g/L and airflow at 0.06 m^3/h were the optimum condition for the removal of fulvic acid, the removal efficiency was higher in acid media than that in alkaline media. The effects of different filtration duration on permeate flux rate of MF with P25 powder and with nanoparticle TiO2 were compared. Experimental results indicated that the permeate flux rate of MF was improved and the membrane fouling phenomenon was reduced with the addition of nanoparticle TiO2 catalyst compared with conventional P25 powder. Therefore, this submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor can faciliate potential application of photocatalytic oxidation process in drinking water treatment.     

三价砷和五价砷对活性污泥几种酶活性的影响

应用静态试验,研究了As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ)对活性污泥脱氢酶活性、脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性的影响。其结果:抑制10%脱氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶活性的As(Ⅲ)浓度分别为10.0mg/gMLSS,13.4mg/gMLSS,2.6mg/gMLSS;As(Ⅴ)的浓度则分别为552.6mg/gMLSS,464.4mg/gMLSS,193.7mg/gMLSS。As(Ⅲ)对活性污泥的毒性比As(Ⅴ)平均大53倍。     

Effects of cerium on growth and physiological mechanism in plants under enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

Effect of cerium （Ce^3＋） on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system in rape seedlings （Brassica juncea L.） exposed to two levels of UV-B radiation （T1： 0.15 W/m^2 and T2：0.35 W/m^2） was studied by hydroponics under laboratory conditions. After 5 d of UV-B treatment, the aboveground growth indices were obviously decreased by 13.2%-44. 1%（T1） and 21.4%-49.3% （T2）, compared to CK, and except active absorption area of roots, the belowground indices by 14.1%-35.6%（T1） and 20.3%-42.6% （T2）. For Ce＋UV-B treatments, the aboveground and belowground growth indices were decreased respectively by 4.1%-23.6%, 5.2% -23.3%（Ce＋T1） and 10.8%-28.4%, 7.0%-27.8%（Ce＋T2）, lower than those of UV-B treatments. The decrease of growth indices appeared to be the result of changes of physiological processes. Two levels of UV-B radiation induced the decrease in chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency by 11.2%-25.9%（T1） and 20.9%- 56.9%（T2）, whereas increase in membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） by 6.9%, 22.8%, 21.5%, 9.5%（T1） and 36.6%, 122.3%, 103.5%, 208.9%（T2）, respectively. The reduction of the photosynthetic parameters in Ce＋UV-B treatments was lessened to 3.2%-13.8%（Ce＋T1） and 4.9%-27.6%（Ce＋T2）, and the increase of membrane permeability and activities of antioxidant enzymes except POD in the same treatments were lessened to 2.4%, 8.4%, 6.6%（Ce＋T1） and 30.1%, 116.7%, 75.4%（Ce＋T2）. These results indicate that the regulative effect of Ce on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic function is the ecophysiological basis of alleviating the suppression of UV-B radiation on growth of seedlings. Furthermore, the protective effect of Ce on seedlings exposed to TI level of UV-B radiation is superior to T2 level.     

化学发光反应抑制效应—FIA法测定水中微量铜

采用鲁米诺抑制化学发光体系与流动注射新技术相结合，并应用巯基棉分离富集方法，监测工业废水中微量铜。