兰州市冬夏季大气PM2.5化学组分特征及来源分析

于2019年冬季（1月）和夏季（7月）对兰州市大气PM_2.5进行了连续采集,并结合同时期的气象资料分析了PM_2.5化学组分（有机碳、元素碳、水溶性离子）特征及来源.结果表明,冬季OC浓度为11.58~45.42 μg·m^-3,EC浓度为3.25~13.90 μg·m^-3,夏季OC、EC浓度分别为8.42~23.08、2.85~7.93 μg·m^-3,OC浓度总体高于EC,在PM_2.5中占到了更高的比重.冬季平均OC/EC为3.24,夏季平均OC/EC为2.75,表明有二次气溶胶SOC生成,且机动车排放与冬季燃煤供暖为其主要污染源.冬季OC和EC相关系数为0.94,夏季为0.66,夏季相关系数较低表明其污染来源较冬季复杂.SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺、Ca²⁺是大气PM_2.5中最重要的4种水溶性离子,这4种离子在冬季和夏季分别占到总水溶性离子的84.56%和90.16%,占PM_2.5的45.6%、14.5%.主成分分析法、后向轨迹及浓度权重结果表明,兰州市PM_2.5主要的污染源除了受本地化石燃料燃烧、机动车尾气、生物质燃烧排放、土壤和建筑粉尘的影响外,还可能受到内蒙古高原和新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠等地远距离传输的影响.     

基于变异系数法的模糊数学模型在城市生态系统健康评价中的应用

从城市生态系统的健康内涵出发,选取活力、组织结构、恢复力、生态系统服务功能和人群健康状况构建城市生态系统健康评价指标体系,采用基于变异系数的赋权法确定指标权重,运用模糊数学方法对2007—2011年兰州市城市生态系统健康进行评价分析。明确兰州市生态系统健康状况及制约因子,为兰州市城市生态建设及可持续发展提供参考。     

一氧化碳发生炉闪爆事故分析

化工企业易燃易爆产品众多,生产过程中由于众多原因易造成众多安全事故。为了吸取教训,避免或减少类似事件的发生,现就兰州市某农药厂发生     

Online monitoring of water-soluble ionic composition of PM10 during early summer over Lanzhou City

Lanzhou is one of the most aerosol-polluted cities in China. In this study, an online analyzer for Monitoring for AeRosols and GAses was deployed to measure major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM10 at 1-hour time resolution, and 923 samples were obtained from Apr 1 to May 24, 2011. During the field campaign, air pollution days were encountered with Air Quality Index more than 100 and daily average concentration of PM10 exceeding 150 μg/m3. Based on the variation of water-soluble ions and results of Positive Matrix Factorization 3.0 model execution, the air pollution days were classified as crustal species- or secondary aerosol-induced, and the different formation mechanisms of these two air pollution types were studied. During the crustal species pollution days, the content of Ca2+increased and was about 2.3 times higher than the average on clear days, and the air parcel back trajectory was used to analyze the sources of crustal species. Data on sulfate, trace gases and meteorological factors were used to reveal the formation mechanism of secondary aerosol pollution. The sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR) was derived from the 923 samples, and the SOR had high positive correlation with relative humidity in early summer in Lanzhou.     

兰州市大气重污染气象成因分析

兰州市曾经是全国乃至全世界空气污染最严重的城市之一,重度空气污染特征明显.根据兰州市环境保护局公布的大气污染数据及气象局的气象观测数据,采用时间序列法和相关统计方法对兰州市2002—2011年空气污染指数(Air Pollution Index,API)大于200的大气重污染特征进行研究,并探析了其气象学成因.结果表明,静稳型重污染发生天数约占重污染发生总天数的77%,而沙尘型重污染只占23%.静稳型重污染是兰州市最主要的大气重污染类型,它往往存在PM10、SO2和NO2三种污染物同步累积的过程,持续时间长,主要发生在冬季;而沙尘型重污染持续时间短,由于外来高浓度沙尘输送的影响,PM10浓度会急剧升高,而SO2和NO2浓度则会明显下降(SO2、NO2浓度明显低于静稳型重污染),几乎都发生在春季.对它们的成因分析表明:静稳型重污染的气象学成因主要是风速小,稳定能量大,大气环境稳定度大,不利于湍流扩散,本地源污染物持续积累造成;沙尘型重污染气象学成因主要是春季气候干燥,相对湿度低,造成大风沙尘天气,给兰州市输送大量沙尘颗粒形成大气重污染.此研究结果可为兰州市大气重污染的防治提供科学依据.     

甘肃省兰州市特色农产品物流库存控制模型探讨

结合现代物流库存管理思想及其运作实践,以追求最优物流服务质量,求得库存利润最大时的最优经济批量为目标,建立库存控制新模型.模型引入直接影响物流服务质量的参数:及时交货率和安全交货率.设定假设,确定相关参数:单位库存成本、单位缺货成本、产品需求函数、库存收入、库存利润,建立模型并实践应用.对此模型进行分析讨论,并提出具体的对策建议,以便更好地实现兰州市特色农产品物流库存控制目标.     

兰州基本退出十大污染城市行歹

甘肃省兰州市政府日前召开2013年环保目标责任完成情况汇报会。兰州市目前已超额完成甘肃省下达的各项环保目标任务：环境质量明显改善，优良天数大幅增加，空气综合污染指数同比下降，已基本退出全国十大污染城市行列。     

兰州市城市生活垃圾分类收集方法初探

在分析兰州市城市生活垃圾产生量及成分的基础上，对兰州市生活垃圾的分类及分类收集的具体方法进行了探讨。     

兰州地区绿化工程建设中水资源的综合利用与可持续发展

针对兰州市南北两山绿化工程用水状况的发展趋势，根据绿化工程的用水现状，建立起科学的用从机制，对黄河水资源实施有计划的和保护性的综合利用，这对维护黄河水系的综合平衡和可持续性发展将起到积极的作用。     

Optimizing Urban Spatial Structure of Lanzhou Based on Geographic Concentration Method of Industries

Geographic concentration of industries is the regionalized distribution of some industries in certain areas, which focuses on the ratio of a certain industry to the whole industries （He and Liu, 2006）. In this paper we explore the improved M function of geographic concentration that adds the parameter of the number of firms according to the definition of geographic concentration of industries. The spatial distribution of the main manufacturing industries of Lanzhou urban area is evaluated based on it. The results of the evaluation imply that the spatial distribution of the main manufacturing industries is more concentrated than that of others in Lanzhou and it can absorb lots of labor forces. But the incidence, competition ability and density of the distribution of enterprises are different for each single sector, and enterprises with different production features are located closely. And three main problems are discovered. Finally, three countermeasures are put forward： locating the industrial enterprises in urban areas in a proper way through planning and policies; adjusting the industrial structure of the inner city; strengthening the local rearrangement of the existing industrial concentration areas.