黄河三角洲北部互花米草盐沼湿地区与贝壳沉积区微生物群落的DGGE分析

采用PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱比较黄河三角洲北部互花米草盐沼湿地区与贝壳沉积区的微生物群落结构,对DGGE图谱中10个主条带进行切胶、扩增和测序.结果表明,贝壳沉积区微生物的种类相比较健康的米草区更丰富,贝壳沉积区独有的条带,菌群属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)链球菌科(Streptococcaceae)乳球菌属...     

Bacterial community composition and abundance in leachate of semi-aerobic and anaerobic landfills

Different municipal solid waste landfill methods and landfill ages had crucial impacts on bacterial abundance and composition in leachate.     

Comparison of bacterial community structures in two systems of a sewage treatment plant using PCR-DGGE analysis

Bacterial community was investigated during sludge bulking period using combination of PCR amplification of 16sRNA genes with DGGE analysis.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

大庆聚驱后油藏内源微生物群落结构解析与分布特征研究

利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)技术和主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)解析了大庆油田聚驱后油藏的细菌和古菌群落结构组成及分布特征.结果表明,注水井中的细菌主要以好氧的假单胞菌属和不动杆菌属为主,注水井近井地带以兼性厌氧的肠杆菌属为主,各采油井中的细菌则包括陶厄氏菌属、梭菌纲、假单胞菌属、油杆菌属及大量的未培养细菌;各注水井及注水井近井地带检测到的古菌主要是乙酸型产甲烷的甲烷鬃菌,各采油井中古菌则以甲烷微菌属、甲烷螺菌属及甲烷杆菌属等为主.总体上,该聚驱区块从注水井到采油井,细菌优势菌群依次呈好氧细菌-兼性厌氧细菌-严格厌氧细菌分布;古菌的分布受环境因素及微生物代谢产物影响,注水井和采油井中的优势菌群差异显著.     

SDS-PAGE和HPLC-荧光检测分离鉴定恩施高硒区大豆中含硒蛋白

采用凝胶电泳技术分离恩施高硒地区大豆中的含硒蛋白组分,分辨出２７条蛋白条带。用高效液相色谱－荧光测定对这些条带分别进行硒含量测定并进行空白扣除,发现其中有１３条带含硒。用标准分子量蛋白标定含硒蛋白组分分子量分别为：５８．１－６０．３;５２．５－５３．７;４６．８－５０．１;２９．５－３０．９;２８．８;２５．１－２５．７;２４．３;１９．７－２０．９;１８．４－１８．６;１６．８－１７．９;１６．     

微生物分子生态学进展[综述]

现代分子生物学技术在生态学研究中的应用大大推动了微生物生态学的发展,导致了微生物分子生态学的产生．微生物分子生态学方法弥补了传统的微生物生态学方法的不足,使人们可以避开传统的分离培养过程而直接探讨自然界中微生物的种群结构及其与环境的关系．微生物生态学研究中采用的分子生物学方法主要有核酸探针技术、ＰＣＲ扩增技术、ｒＲＮＡ序列同源性分析方法、剃度凝胶电泳方法等．这些技术方法的采用,取得了一系列重要的成果和微生物生态学研究中的突破［１～６］,使得对某些微生物的研究成为可能,并在分子水平上阐述了生态问题…     

微生物分子生态学进展

This paper summarizes some molecular techniques applied in the studies on microbial ecology,such as hybridization of nucleic acid probes,ampification of polymerase chain reaction,denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and analyses of ribosomal RNA gene sequences,and the progress,performance,achievements and advances made from the researches of microbial ecology in recent years by using these molecular techniques．     

生物陶粒反应器中好氧反硝化菌的脱氮研究

采用固定化生物强化技术,研究了生物陶粒反应器中好氧反硝化菌的脱氮效果.运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)对微生物菌群结构稳定性进行了分析.结果表明,在水力负荷1.5m/h,气水比5:1,水温25～30℃,进水硝氮负荷为0.75～2.87kg/(m³·d),COD浓度负荷为7.46～10.03kg/(m³·d)的条件下,反应器稳定运行后,对硝氮的平均去除率可以达到93.10%,并且出水硝氮和亚硝氮的浓度一直保持在很低的水平,COD的平均去除率为97.50%.DO的消耗和硝酸盐还原主要发生在进水端的0～0.5m区域内,反应器中DO浓度始终处于较高的水平.根据DGGE指纹图谱显示,分离得到的4株好氧反硝化菌为假单胞菌属的不同的种,且在整个运行阶段稳定存在,始终为优势菌群.     

杀虫剂三唑磷对沼水蛙（Hylarana guentheri）蝌蚪的遗传毒性研究

采用微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验)检测了不同浓度(0、0.2、0.4、1.2、2.0、2.8mg·L-1)的三唑磷溶液对沼水蛙蝌蚪遗传毒性的影响.结果表明,当三唑磷染毒24h(≥1.2mg·L-1)及72h(≥0.2mg·L-1)后,蝌蚪微核率和核异常率比对照组均有极显著的提高.在同一时间下,随着三唑磷浓度的增大,蝌蚪微核率和核异常率总体上随之增加;在同一浓度下,随着染毒时间的增加,低浓度组(≤0.4mg·L-1)微核率出现逐渐升高趋势;高浓度组(≥1.2mg·L-1)微核率则先增加后降低.染毒24h后,彗星试验的各项指标Tail Length、Comet Length、Tail Moment和Olive Tail Moment均随三唑磷浓度的增加而增加,并呈现极显著的剂量-效应关系.当三唑磷浓度达到0.2mg·L-1时,与对照组相比,DNA总体损伤水平(Comet Assay Tail Factor)显著提高.实验表明三唑磷对蛙类蝌蚪会造成一定的遗传损伤,微核试验和彗星试验在检测污染物对蝌蚪的遗传毒性方面具有较大的应用价值.